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Chemical, physical, and biological attributes in soils affected by deposition of iron ore tailings from the Fundão Dam failure

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Abstract

Monitoring degraded areas is essential for evaluation of the quality of the rehabilitation process. In this study, we evaluate how the physical and chemical characteristics of the mixture of iron ore tailings with the soil have affected the soil microbial biomass and activity in areas along the Gualaxo do Norte River after the Fundão Dam disaster. Composite soil samples were collected from areas that were impacted (I) and not impacted (NI) by the tailings. The following attributes were evaluated: chemical element content; soil density, porosity, and texture; microbial biomass carbon; basal respiration; and enzyme activity and density of microbial groups (bacteria, actinobacteria, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizae, phosphate solubilizers, cellulolytic microorganisms, nitrifiers, ammonifiers, and diazotrophs). According to result, the deposition of tailings increased the pH and the soil available P, Cr, Fe, and Mn content and reduced organic matter. The physical and biological attributes were negatively affected, with increases in the silt content and density of the soil, and reduction in macroporosity and in the microbial biomass and activity of the soil (respiration and enzymes) in the impacted area. However, the impacted areas exhibited greater densities of some microbial groups (cellulolytic microorganisms, nitrifiers, and diazotrophic bacteria). Modifications in the organic matter and silt content are the main attributes associated with deposition of the tailings that affected soil microbial biomass and microbial activity. This may affect erosive conditions and the functionality of the ecosystem, indicating an imbalance in this environment. In contrast, the higher density of some microbial groups in the impacted areas show the high rehabilitation potential of these areas.

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Funding

Financial support and scholarship grants to the authors were provided by the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq, CNPq PDJ 150366/2019–1), and the State of Minas Gerais Research Support Foundation (FAPEMIG-APQ-01661–16).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil Science Department, Federal University of Lavras, Gerais State, Lavras, Minas, 37200-900, Brazil

    Aline Oliveira Silva, Amanda Azarias Guimarães, Bruna Daniela Ortiz Lopez, Carin Sgobi Zanchi, Cesar Florentino Puma Vega, Éder Rodrigues Batista, Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira, Flávia Romam da Costa Souza, Flávio Araújo Pinto, Jessé Valentim dos Santos, Joana Junqueira Carneiro, José Oswaldo Siqueira, Karl Kemmelmeier, Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme, Márcia Rufini, Moacir de Souza Dias Junior, Osnar Obede da Silva Aragão, Pedro Henrique de Castro Borges, Silvia Maria de Oliveira-Longatti & Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro

Authors
  1. Aline Oliveira Silva
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  2. Amanda Azarias Guimarães
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  3. Bruna Daniela Ortiz Lopez
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  4. Carin Sgobi Zanchi
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  5. Cesar Florentino Puma Vega
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  6. Éder Rodrigues Batista
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  7. Fatima Maria de Souza Moreira
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  8. Flávia Romam da Costa Souza
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  9. Flávio Araújo Pinto
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  10. Jessé Valentim dos Santos
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  11. Joana Junqueira Carneiro
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  12. José Oswaldo Siqueira
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  13. Karl Kemmelmeier
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  14. Luiz Roberto Guimarães Guilherme
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  15. Márcia Rufini
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  16. Moacir de Souza Dias Junior
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  17. Osnar Obede da Silva Aragão
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  18. Pedro Henrique de Castro Borges
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  19. Silvia Maria de Oliveira-Longatti
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  20. Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marco Aurélio Carbone Carneiro.

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Silva, A.O., Guimarães, A.A., Lopez, B.D.O. et al. Chemical, physical, and biological attributes in soils affected by deposition of iron ore tailings from the Fundão Dam failure. Environ Monit Assess 193, 462 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09234-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-021-09234-4

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