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Chromium toxicity mediated by application of chloride and sulfate ions in Vertisol of Central India

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Abstract

Chromium (Cr) is one of the toxic metals adversely affecting organisms including humans in the ecosystems, and it is present in considerable concentration in the tannery industrial effluent. Toxicity expression of Cr is suspected to be influenced considerably by other accompanying ions present in the effluent used for irrigation. In a screen house experiment, interactive effects of chloride and sulfate ions in a Vertisol on uptake of Cr by spinach crop were investigated and treatments imposed were three levels each of Cr (0, 50, 100 mg kg−1), chloride (Cl−) (0, 25, 50 mM kg−1), and sulfur (S) (0, 4, 8 mM kg−1) in possible combinations. Plant growth parameters and leaf Cr concentrations were recorded to find out the effect of anions on Cr dynamics in the plant. Increasing the concentration of Cl− ions in soil reduced the Cr concentration in both root and shoot. Similarly, increasing the concentration of S from 4 to 8 mM kg−1 also reduced the concentration and uptake of Cr. Application of sulfate ions augmented the plant growth and counters the negative effect of Cl− ions and Cr. Thus, the study revealed that the addition of S fertilizers could minimize the Cr toxicity in high Cr contaminated soils.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to Dr. A Subba Rao, Ex-Director, ICAR-IISS, and Mrs. Seema Sahu, Mr. S K Rai, and supporting staff of the Division of Environmental Soil Science, ICAR-IISS, Bhopal, for the necessary help during the experiment. The authors are also thankful to Dr. Manoranjan Mohanty for language editing and Dr. H Das, ICAR-IISS, Bhopal, for statistical analysis. This study is a part of the project “Tannery constituent interaction effect on spinach” and funded by ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal (Grant No. IXX07989).

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  1. ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Nabibagh, Berasia road, Bhopal, 462 038, India

    M. L. Dotaniya, J. K. Saha, S. Rajendiran, M. Vassanda Coumar, V. D. Meena, S. Kundu & A. K. Patra

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  1. M. L. Dotaniya
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  2. J. K. Saha
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  4. M. Vassanda Coumar
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Dotaniya, M.L., Saha, J.K., Rajendiran, S. et al. Chromium toxicity mediated by application of chloride and sulfate ions in Vertisol of Central India. Environ Monit Assess 191, 429 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-019-7563-4

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