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Effect of oil palm on the Plecoptera and Trichoptera (Insecta) assemblages in streams of eastern Amazon

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Abstract

The production of oil palm is expected to increase in the Amazon region. However, expansion of oil palm plantation leads to significant changes in the physical structure of aquatic ecosystems, mainly through the reduction of riparian vegetation that is essential for aquatic biodiversity. Here, we evaluated the effects of oil palm on the physical habitat structure of Amazonian stream environments and assemblages of Plecoptera and Trichoptera (PT), ​both found in these streams. We compared streams sampled in oil palm plantations (n = 13) with natural forest areas (“reference” streams, n = 8), located in the eastern Amazon, Brazil. Our results showed that oil palm streams were more likely to be in close proximity to roads, had higher pH values, and higher amounts of fine substrate deposited in the channel than reference streams. Further, these environmental changes had important effects on the aquatic invertebrate assemblages, reducing the abundance and richness of PT. Nevertheless, the genera composition of the assemblages did not differ between reference and oil palm (PERMANOVA, pseudo-F (1,19) = 1.891; p = 0.111). We conclude that oil palm production has clear negative impacts on aquatic environments and PT assemblages in Amazonian streams. We recommend that oil palm producers invest more in planning of road networks to avoid the construction of roads near to the riparian vegetation. This planning can minimize impacts of oil palm production on aquatic systems in the Amazon.

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Acknowledgements

This study was developed with the support of Conservation International do Brazil, Agropalma Group and USAID/PEER. The Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for granting research productivity fellowships to LJ (307597/2016-4), as well as financial support PIBIC provided CKSP, and to the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes) for granting a PhD stipend to APJF and LBC. This manuscript was funded by the projects “Influência dos diferentes tipos de uso do solo sobre a biodiversidade na Amazônia Oriental” (CNPq no. 449314/2014-2), “Zoneamento bioenergético do plantio de palma e os impactos a biodiversidade no Estado do Pará” (FAPESPA/CNPq), and “Biodiversity and Socio-Economic Impacts of Oil Palm Bioenergy Development in the Brazilian Amazon” (USAID/PEER). Dra. Ana Maria Oliveira Pes and Dra. Neusa Hamada for the assistance with the identification of specimens. Msc. Erlane José Cunha by area maps and for his critique of the manuscript. We also thank the UFPA Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação ao (PROPESP) and the Fundação de Amparo e Desenvolvimento da Pesquisa (FADESP) (Edital 01/2015 PROPESP/FADESP-UFPA) for financing the revision of the English grammar of the manuscript.

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de Paiva, C.K.S., de Faria, A.P.J., Calvão, L.B. et al. Effect of oil palm on the Plecoptera and Trichoptera (Insecta) assemblages in streams of eastern Amazon. Environ Monit Assess 189, 393 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-017-6116-y

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