Abstract
Sclerotia produced by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum are the central component of epidemics as they are long-term survival structures. Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLSs) are sustainable options for agricultural diversification; however, there are few studies about its influence on plant diseases. This work investigated the influence of two arrangements of ICLS: agropastoral (AP) and agrosilvopastoral (ASP) compared to a non- integrated crop (CO) on the survival period of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia, buried and on the soil surface. The study was conducted in a long-term ICLS experiment with two factors: production system with three levels (AP, ASP and CO), and nitrogen (N) doses on the winter pasture with two levels: 90 and 180 kg/ha. Sclerotia of a native S. sclerotiorum strain were multiplied, put in the field and evaluated periodically for 22 months when buried and 14 months when on the soil surface. Microorganisms grown in non-germinated sclerotia were tested as antagonists of the native and two exogenous strains of S. sclerotiorum. Sclerotia left on the soil surface had a lower survival period than the buried sclerotia and survived for 13 months. When buried, the survival period was lower in the ASP than in the AP system. When on the soil surface the survival period was lower in the AP system than in the CO and ASP. The native S. sclerotiorum sclerotia germinated less than the exogenous strains after being treated with the native microorganisms. These results show a reduction in the survival period of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia promoted by ICLSs.
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Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the “SERVIAMBI” project (Scientific Cooperation Term 21500.10/0008-2, signed between Instituto Agronômico do Paraná and Embrapa Florestas) and also by grants of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico: project CNPq PROCAD number 552334/2011-1, and Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES.
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Roese, A.D., Vidal, G.S., Zeviani, W.M. et al. Agricultural diversification reduces the survival period of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum sclerotia. Eur J Plant Pathol 151, 713–722 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1405-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-017-1405-4