Abstract
The bacterial pathogen Pantoea sp. strain PPE7 causes severe soft rot disease in the king oyster mushroom, Pleurotus eryngii. Typical symptoms of the disease include a dark-brown water drop at early stages of infection, ultimately leading to soft rot accompanied with an offensive odour. In this study, we showed that inoculation of Flammulina velutipes and Agaricus bisporus mushrooms with Pantoea sp. strain PPE7 also resulted in severe disease, including water-soaked lesions and soft rot symptoms. Treatment with chlorine solution (175 to 700 ppm active chlorine) significantly reduced the incidence of soft rot symptoms in Pleurotus eryngii. However, exposure to concentrations greater than 350 ppm caused harmful effects such as bleaching on the cap of the fruit body. Calcium hypochlorite solutions with 175 ppm active chlorine were effective for reducing soft rot disease of Pleurotus eryngii without affecting the mushroom yield.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
References
Ayers, T. T., & Lambert, E. B. (1955). Controlling mushroom diseases with chlorinated water. The Plant Disease Reporter, 39(11), 829–836.
Barden, C. L. (1987). The effect of calcium chloride added to the irrigation water on the shelf life and quality of harvested mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.MS Thesis.
Fermor, T. R., Henry, M. B., Fenlon, J. S., Glenister, M. J., Lincoln, S. P., & Lynch, J. M. (1991). Development and application of a biocontrol system for bacterial blotch of the cultivated mushroom. Crop Protection, 10(4), 271–278.
Flippi, C., Bagnoli, G., Bedini, S., Agnoluci, M., & Nuti, M. P. (2002). Ulteriori studi sull, eziologico della “batteriosi” del cardoneelo. Agricolltura Ricerca, 188(24), 53–58.
Gea, F. J., Tello, J. C., & Navarro, M. J. (2003). Occurrence of Verticillium fungicola var. fungicola on Agaricus bitorquis mushroom crops Spain. Journal of Phytopathology, 151(2), 98–100.
Geels, F. P., Van Griensven, L. J. L. D., & Rutjens, A. J. (1991). Chlorine dioxide and the control of bacterial blotch on mushrooms caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii. Mushroom Science, 13(1), 437–442.
Geels, F. P. (1995). Pseudomonas tolaasii control by kasugamycin in cultivated mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus). Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 79(1), 38–42.
van de Geijn, J. (1981). Bacterial disease in practice. Mushroom Journal, 102, 197–199.
Inglis, P. W., & Burden, J. F. (1996). Evidence for the association of the enteric bacterium Ewingella americana with internal stipe necrosis of Agricus bisporus. Microbiology, 142(11), 3253–3260.
Kim, M. K., Ryu, J. S., Lee, Y. H., & Yun, H. D. (2007). First report of Pantoea sp. induced soft rot disease of Pleurotus eryngii in Korea. Plant Disease, 91(1).
Kim, M. H., Park, S. W., & Kim, Y. K. (2011). Bacteiophages of Pseudomonas tolaasii for the biological control of brown blotch disease. Journal of the Korean Society for Applied Biological and Chemistry, 54(1), 99–104.
Lincoln, S. P., Fermor, T. R., & Tindall, B. J. (1999). Janthinobacterium agaricidamnosum sp. nov., a soft rot pathogen of Agaricus bisporus. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 49(4), 1577–1589.
Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. (2013) 2012 An actual output for special crop.
Nair, N. G., & Bradley, J. K. (1980). Mushroom blotch bacterium during cultivation. Mushroom Journal, 90, 201–203.
Ohga, S., & Royse, D. J. (2004). Cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii on umbrella plant (Cyperus alternifolius) substrate. Journal of Wood Science, 50(5), 466–469.
Okamoto, H., Sato, M., & Isaka, M. (1999). Bacterial soft rot of winter mushroom and oyster mushroom caused by Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora. Annals of the Phytopathological Society of Japan, 65(4), 460–464.
Paine, S. G. (1919). Studies in bacteriosis II: A brown blotch disease of cultivated mushrooms. Annals of Applied Biology, 5(3–4), 206–219.
Royse, D. J., & Wuest, P. J. (1980). Mushroom brown blotch: Effects of chlorinated water on disease intensity and bacterial populations in casing soil and on pilei. Phytopathology, 70(9), 902–905.
Shin, G. C., Cho, S. M., Jeon, N. B., & Ku, J. H. (1994). Effect of sodium hypochlorite treatment on bacterial yellow blotch in oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus. Korean Journal of Mycology, 22(2), 190–195.
Tolaas, A. G. (1915). A bacterial disease of cultivated mushrooms. Phytopathology, 5, 5.
Wehland, M., Kiecker, C., Coplin, D. L., Kelm, O., Saenger, W., & Bernhard, F. (1999). Identification of an RcsA/RcsB recognition motif in the promoters of exopolysaccharide biosynthetic operation from Erwinia amylovora and Pantoea stewatii subspecies stewartii. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274(6), 3300–3307.
Wong, W. C., Fletcher, J. F., Unsworth, B. A., & Preece, T. F. (1982). A note on ginger blotch, a new bacterial disease of the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 52(1), 43–48.
Wong, W. C., & Preece, T. F. (1985). Pseudomonas tolaasii in cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) crops: Effects of sodium hypochlorite on the bacterium and on blotch disease severity. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 58(3), 259–267.
Acknowledgments
This work was carried out with the support of “Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (Project No. PJ0102232014)” Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kim, M.K., Lee, S.H., Lee, Y.H. et al. Characterization and chemical control of soft rot disease caused by Pantoea sp. strain PPE7 in Pleurotus eryngii mushroom crops. Eur J Plant Pathol 141, 419–425 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0538-y
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10658-014-0538-y