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Characterization of lignite deposits of Barmer Basin, Rajasthan: insights from mineralogical and elemental analysis

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Abstract

The geochemistry of fly ash produced from the combustion of coal at thermal power plants presents a significant challenge for disposal and environmental impact due to its complex mineralogical and elemental composition. The objective of this study was to investigate the mineralogical and elemental distribution of thirty lignite samples from the Barmer Basin using advanced techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). XRD analysis revealed the presence of minerals such as haematite (Fe2O3), nepheline, anhydrite, magnesite, andalusite, spinel and anatase. Other minor minerals included albite, siderite, periclase, calcite, mayenite, hauyne, pyrite, cristobalite, quartz, nosean and kaolinite. XRF analysis demonstrated that the most abundant elements in the Barmer Basin lignite ash were iron oxide (Fe2O3), sulphur oxide (SO3), calcium oxide (CaO), and quartz (SiO2) followed by minor traces of toxic oxides (SrO, V2O5, NiO, Cr2O3, Co2O3, CuO) that are known to have adverse effects on human health and the environment. The rare earth element (REE) composition showed higher concentrations of Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, Y and Sc at the Giral and lower concentrations at Sonari mine. The Barmer lignites recorded higher concentration of trace elements such as V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu and Sr while lower concentration of Rb, Cs, Ba, Pb, As, Th and U were observed within optimal range. The study findings revealed the predominant mineral concentration, elemental makeup, trace elements and rare earth elements associated with lignite reserves in the Barmer Basin.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to sincerely thank the Director of CSIR-Central Institute of Mining & Fuel Research (CSIR-CIMFR), Dhanbad, as well as the Head of the Department of Geology at Banaras Hindu University for their support and facilities during the research work. Additionally, Om Prakash Kumar would like to express their gratitude to the Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Govt. of India, New Delhi, for granting the Senior Research Fellowship (File No—09/013(0599)2015-EMR-1). The authors would also like to thank Rajasthan State Mines and Minerals Limited (RSMML) and Barmer Lignite Mining Company Limited (BLMCL) for their assistance in sample collection during the fieldwork.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India

    Om Prakash Kumar, Amiya S. Naik & Prakash K. Singh

  2. CSIR-Central Institute of Mining and Fuel Research, (Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 828108, India

    Om Prakash Kumar, P. Gopinathan, Sudip Maity & Sujan Saha

  3. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201 002, India

    P. Gopinathan, Sudip Maity & Sujan Saha

  4. Department of Mining Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600025, India

    T. Subramani

  5. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, 53 University Road, Lucknow, Utter Pradesh, 226007, India

    Anupam Sharma

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Contributions

OPK: Formulation, Sampling, Sample processing, Data organization, Analysis of results, composing a manuscript.  PG: Formulation, Sample processing, Data organization, Interpretation of results, composing a manuscript.  ASN: Formulation, Sampling, Sample processing, Data organization, Interpretation of results, composing a manuscript.  TS: Peer-review, Editing and Redrafting.  PKS: Peer-review, Editing and Redrafting.  AS: ICP-MS Analysis.  SS: XRF Analysis.  SM: XRD Analysis

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Correspondence to P. Gopinathan or Amiya S. Naik.

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Kumar, O.P., Gopinathan, P., Naik, A.S. et al. Characterization of lignite deposits of Barmer Basin, Rajasthan: insights from mineralogical and elemental analysis. Environ Geochem Health 45, 6471–6493 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-023-01649-x

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