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Compost and sulfur affect the mobilization and phyto-availability of Cd and Ni to sorghum and barnyard grass in a spiked fluvial soil

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Abstract

Soil reclamation via additives can cause contradictory effects on the mobilization of toxic elements in soils under dry and wet conditions. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the impact of compost and sulfur in two rates (1.25 and 2.5%) on fractionation, mobilization, and phyto-availability of cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni) to sorghum (dry soil) and barnyard grass (wet soil) in a fluvial soil spiked with 25 mg Cd or 200 mg Ni/kg soil. Compost decreased the solubility and mobilization of Cd (especially in dry soil) and Ni (in both soils). Sulfur increased the solubility of Cd (31% in dry soil—49% in wet soil) and Ni (4.6% in wet soil—8.7% in dry soil). Sulfur altered the carbonate fraction of Cd to the soluble fraction and the residual fraction of Cd and Ni to the non-residual fraction. Compost decreased Cd and increased Ni in sorghum, but enhanced Cd and degraded Ni in grass. Sulfur increased Cd and Ni in both plants, and the increasing rate of Cd was higher in grass than in sorghum, while Ni was higher in sorghum than in grass. These results suggest that compost can be used as an immobilizing agent for Cd in the dry soil and Ni in the wet soil; however, it might be used as mobilizing agent for Cd in the wet soil and Ni in the dry soil. Sulfur (with rate 2.5%) can be used for enhancing the phyto-extraction of Cd and Ni (especially Cd) from contaminated alkaline soils.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the German Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Ref 3.4 - EGY - 1185373 - GF-E) for financial support of the postdoctoral scholarships of Prof. Shaheen at the University of Wuppertal, Germany. Technical assistances from the laboratory of soil and water sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University and the central laboratory for environmental studies in Kafrelsheikh University are acknowledged.

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  1. Department of Soil and Water Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kafrelsheikh, Kafr El-Sheikh, 33 516, Egypt

    Sabry M. Shaheen, Ali A. Balbaa & Alaa M. Khatab

  2. Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany

    Sabry M. Shaheen & Jörg Rinklebe

  3. Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, South Korea

    Jörg Rinklebe

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  1. Sabry M. Shaheen
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  2. Ali A. Balbaa
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Correspondence to Sabry M. Shaheen.

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Shaheen, S.M., Balbaa, A.A., Khatab, A.M. et al. Compost and sulfur affect the mobilization and phyto-availability of Cd and Ni to sorghum and barnyard grass in a spiked fluvial soil. Environ Geochem Health 39, 1305–1324 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-017-9962-1

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