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Groundwater chemistry and arsenic mobilization in the Holocene flood plains in south-central Bangladesh

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Abstract

A comparative study of arsenic enrichment in the Bengal Delta (BD) was carried out in three alluvial aquifers in south-central Bangladesh. Investigated sites included Sonargaon in Narayanganj, Chandina in Comilla and Sirajdikhan in Munshiganj districts. At all sites samples from different depths were collected, and water chemistry and redox status vs. depth trends were determined. The concentrations of DOC and HCO3 − were highest at Sirajdikhan site, while at the Sonargaon and Chandina sites the concentrations were lower. On the contrary, the NH4 + concentration was high at the Chandina site as compared to the other sites. There was a good match between dissolved As and Fe at the Sirajdikhan and Sonargaon sites, but not at the Chandina site. The dissolved aqueous concentration of Mn was low at the Chandina site, which suggested that the Mn(IV) redox buffering step was missing. Speciation modeling indicated a possibility of siderite precipitation at all sites, but precipitation of rhodochrosite only at the Sonargaon and Sirajdikhan sites. At the Sirajdikhan site, the log \( {\text{P}}_{{{\text{CO}}_{ 2} }} \) values were very high (−1.37), which revealed the production of CO2 in redox processes. Principal component analysis (PCA) indicated an impact of sea water and redox status of different samples. These results suggest that the dissolved As is de-coupled from dissolved Mn because when released, As is re-adsorbed onto the Fe(III) minerals in solid phase, as well as from dissolved Fe when precipitation of Fe(II) minerals controls the aqueous concentrations of Fe. In addition, several other concurrent redox processes may exert kinetic constraints depending on refractory characteristics of Fe(III) minerals.

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Acknowledgements

This study was carried out as a part of a research project funded by the Australian Council of International Agricultural Research and the CSIRO’s Contaminated Land and Water Environments Program at Adelaide, South Australia. PB thanks the CSIRO for providing the necessary funds for the field work in Bangladesh in January 2002 and the other infrastructural facilities. PB also acknowledges the financial assistance from the Swedish Research Council (VR) in the form of a travel grant, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida-SAREC) and Swedish Research Council (VR-Sida), Swedish Asia Research Link Program through research grants SWE-1998-193 and 348-2003-4963, respectively, on the genesis of high-As groundwaters of Bangladesh. OS was partly supported by the grant MSM0021622412 of the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport. The authors would like to thank Anisur Rahman (Dhaka University) and Gary Owens (CSIRO) for the field work and Lester Smith and Julie Smith for the laboratory analyses at the chemical laboratory of CSIRO Land and Water.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. KTH-International Groundwater Arsenic Research Group, Department of Land and Water Resources Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden

    Prosun Bhattacharya, M. Aziz Hasan & Mattias von Brömssen

  2. Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    M. Aziz Hasan & K. Matin Ahmed

  3. Institute of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kotlářská 2, 611 37, Brno, Czech Republic

    Ondra Sracek

  4. Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment & Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia

    Euan Smith & Ravi Naidu

  5. Department of Soil, Water and Environment, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh

    S. M. Imamul Huq

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Bhattacharya, P., Hasan, M.A., Sracek, O. et al. Groundwater chemistry and arsenic mobilization in the Holocene flood plains in south-central Bangladesh. Environ Geochem Health 31 (Suppl 1), 23–43 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10653-008-9230-5

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