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Do genetically modified plants impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?

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Abstract

The development and use of genetically modified plants (GMPs), as well as their ecological risks have been a topic of considerable public debate since they were first released in 1996. To date, no consistent conclusions have been drawn dealing with ecological risks on soil microorganisms of GMPs for the present incompatible empirical data. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), important in regulating aboveground and underground processes in ecosystems, are the most crucial soil microbial community worthy of being monitored in ecological risks assessment of GMPs for their sensitivity to environmental alterations (plant, soil, climatic factor etc.). Based on current data, we suggest that there is a temporal–spatial relevance between expression and rhizosphere secretion of anti-disease and insecticidal proteins (e.g., Bt-Bacillus thuringiensis toxins) in and outer roots, and AMF intraradical and extraradical growth and development. Therefore, taking Bt transgenic plants (BTPs) for example, Bt insecticidal proteins constitutive expression and rhizosphere release during cultivation of BTPs may damage some critical steps of the AMF symbiotic development. More important, these processes of BTPs coincide with the entire life cycle of AMF annually, which may impact the diversity of AMF after long-term cultivation period. It is proposed that interactions between GMPs and AMF should be preferentially studied as an indicator for ecological impacts of GMPs on soil microbial communities. In this review, advances in impacts of GMPs on AMF and the effect mechanisms were summarized, highlighting the possible ecological implications of interactions between GMPs and AMF in soil ecosystems.

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Abbreviations

GMPs:

Genetically modified plants

AMF:

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Bt:

Bacillus thuringiensis

BTPs:

Bt transgenic plants

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Acknowledgments

I want to thank the financial support of the Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization (2009), Ministry of Agriculture.

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  1. Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Nutrition and Fertilization, Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China

    Wenke Liu

  2. Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment & Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 100081, Beijing, China

    Wenke Liu

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Liu, W. Do genetically modified plants impact arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi?. Ecotoxicology 19, 229–238 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0423-1

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