Skip to main content
Log in

Portfolio optimization when risk factors are conditionally varying and heavy tailed

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Computational Economics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Assumptions about the dynamic and distributional behavior of risk factors are crucial for the construction of optimal portfolios and for risk assessment. Although asset returns are generally characterized by conditionally varying volatilities and fat tails, the normal distribution with constant variance continues to be the standard framework in portfolio management. Here we propose a practical approach to portfolio selection. It takes both the conditionally varying volatility and the fat-tailedness of risk factors explicitly into account, while retaining analytical tractability and ease of implementation. An application to a portfolio of nine German DAX stocks illustrates that the model is strongly favored by the data and that it is practically implementable.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akgiray V., Booth G.G. (1988). The stable law model of stock returns. Journal of Business and Economics Statistics, 6: 51–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bawa V.S., Lindenberg E.B. (1977). Capital market equilibrium in a mean-lower partial moment framework. Journal of Financial Economics, 5: 189–200

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Belkacem, L., Lèvy-Vèhel, J., & Walter, C. (1995). Generalized market equilibrium: Stable CAPM, unpublished manuscript.

  • Belkacem L., Lèvy-Vèhel J., Walter C. (2000). CAPM, risk and portfolio selection in α-stable markets. Fractals, 8: 99–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Blattberg R., Sargent T.J. (1971). Regression with non-gaussian stable disturbances: Some sampling results. Econometrica, 39: 501–510

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bollerslev T. (1986). Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity. Journal of Econometrics, 31: 307–327

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Christoffersen P.F. (2003). Elements of financial risk management. London, Academic Press

    Google Scholar 

  • DeGroot, M. H. (1986). Probability and statistics. 2nd edn. Reading, Massachusetts, Addison-Wesley

    Google Scholar 

  • Doganoglu T., Mittnik S. (1998). An approximation procedure for asymmetric stable densities. Computational Statistics, 13: 463–475

    Google Scholar 

  • Doganoglu, T., & Mittnik, S. (2004). The Estimation of Multivariate Stable Paretian Index Models, unpublished manuscript.

  • Elton E.J., Gruber M.J., Bawa V.S. (1979). Simple rules for optimal portfolio selection in stable paretian markets. Journal of Finance, 34: 1041–1047

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Engle R.F. (1982). Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity with Estimates of the Variance of United Kingdom Inflation. Econometrica 50(4): 987–1007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fama E.F. (1965a). The behavior of stock market prices. Journal of Business, 38: 34–105

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fama E.F. (1965b). Portfolio analysis in a stable paretian market. Management Science, 11: 404–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fama E.F. (1971). Risk, return and equilibrium. Journal of Political Economy, 77: 31–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Gamrowski B., Rachev S.T. (1999). A testable version of the pareto-stable CAPM. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 29: 61–82

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harlow W.V., Rao R.K.S. (1989). Asset pricing in a generalized mean-lower partial moment framework: Theory and evidence. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 24: 394–419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kurz-Kim, J.-R., Rachev, S. T., Samorodnitsky, G. (2004). Asymptotic distribution of unbiased linear estimators in the presence of heavy-tailed stochastic regressors and residuals. mimeo.

  • McCulloch J. H. (1997). Measuring Tail Thickness to Estimate the Stable Index α: A Critique. Journal of Business and Economics Statistics, 15: 74–81

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCulloch, J. H. (1998). Numerical approximation of the symmetric stable distribution and densitiy. In R.J. Adler, R. Feldman, M.S. Taqqu, (Eds.), A practical guide to heavy tails, Boston, MA: Birkhauser.

  • Mittnik S., Doganoglu T., Chenyao D. (1999). Computing the probability density function of the stable paretian distribution. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 29: 235–240

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mittnik S., Rachev S.T. (1993). Modeling stock returns with alternative stable distribution. Econometric Reviews, 12: 261–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Mittnik S., Rachev S.T., Doganoglu T., Chenyao D. (1999). Maximum likelihood estimation of the stable paretian models. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 29: 275–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nolan J.P. (1999). An algorithm for evaluating stable densities in Zolotarev’s (M) parameterization. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 29: 229–233

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Panorska A., Mittnik S., Rachev S. (1995). Stable ARCH modles for financial time series. Applied Mathematic Letters, 8(4): 33–37

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rachev S.T., Mittnik S. (2000). Stable paretian models in finance. Chichester, Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  • RiskMetrics Group (1996). RiskMetrics—Technical Document. 4th edition. http://www.riskmetrics.com/research/techdoc/index.cgi

  • Samorodnitsky G., Taqqu M.S. (1994). Stable non-gaussian random processes. New York, Chapman & Hall

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stefan Mittnik.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Doganoglu, T., Hartz, C. & Mittnik, S. Portfolio optimization when risk factors are conditionally varying and heavy tailed. Comput Econ 29, 333–354 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-006-9071-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10614-006-9071-1

Keywords

Navigation