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Elucidating the characteristics of a promising nitrate ester polysaccharide derived from shrimp shells and its blends with cellulose nitrate

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Abstract

Recently, polysaccharides have attracted tremendous interest as potential candidates to develop promising high-energy dense polymers through the chemical functionalization of their structures. Therefore, chitosan nitrate (CSN), as an energetic polysaccharide was fabricated by nitration of chitosan (CS) derived from shrimp Parapenaeus longirostris shells. The physicochemical, structural, and thermal features of the designed energetic CSN and its precursors were elucidated by density measurements, elemental analysis, FTIR, SEM, TGA, and DSC experiments. The mechanical sensitivities and calorific energy of the produced CSN were also determined and its theoretical detonation performance was computed using the EXPLO5 V6.04 software. The results demonstrated the efficiency of the performed method to produce the desired CSN with attractive characteristics such as a density of 1.701 g/cm3, nitration content of 16.55%, impact sensitivity of 15 J, heat of combustion of 10,610 J/g, detonation velocity of 7764 m/s, and specific impulse of 242 s, which are better than those of commonly used nitrocellulose (NC). Besides that, new energetic CSN/NC polymer blends with different mass ratios (CSN:NC (wt%) = 25:75, 50:50, and 75:25) were elaborated and characterized in terms of their chemical structure, thermal behavior, and energetic performance. Experimental findings highlighted the attractive properties of the developed CSN/NC blends, providing evidence for the excellent synergistic effect between energetic CSN and NC polymers. Finally, this work established that shrimp shells wastes could serve as valuable biomass for the production of promising insensitive and high-energy dense polysaccharide, which is expected to be widely employed in the next generation of energetic formulations.

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Acknowledgments

Financial support of this research by the Ecole Militaire Polytechnique is gratefully acknowledged.

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The authors declare that they have received no specific grant from any funding agency in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Energetic Propulsion Laboratory, Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, 16046, Algiers, Algeria

    Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun

  2. Energetic Materials Laboratory (EMLab), Teaching and Research unit of Energetic Processes, Ecole Militaire Polytechnique, BP 17, Bordj El-Bahri, 16046, Algiers, Algeria

    Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun, Djalal Trache, Mohamed Abderrahim Hamouche, Amir Abdelaziz, Hani Boukeciat & Sabri Touidjine

  3. Food Laboratory, Processing, Control and Agriresources Valorisation, Ecole Supérieure des Sciences de l’Aliment et des Industries Agroalimentaires, 16200, Oued Smar, Algiers, Algeria

    Imene Chentir

  4. Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximilian University, Butenandtstrasse 5–13 (D), D-81377, Munich, Germany

    Thomas M. Klapötke

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  1. Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun
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Contributions

A.F.T.: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Investigation, data treatment, Writing-Original Draft. D.T.: Conceptualization, Review & Editing. A.H., A.A., H.B., I.C., S.T. and T.M.K.: Review & Editing the manuscript draft. All authors have approved the final version of the article.

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Correspondence to Ahmed Fouzi Tarchoun or Djalal Trache.

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Tarchoun, A.F., Trache, D., Hamouche, M.A. et al. Elucidating the characteristics of a promising nitrate ester polysaccharide derived from shrimp shells and its blends with cellulose nitrate. Cellulose 30, 4941–4955 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-023-05200-0

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