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Child and Adolescent Psychopathology and Subsequent Harmful Behaviors Associated with Premature Mortality: A Selective Review and Future Directions

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Abstract

In the United States (U.S.), premature mortality in adulthood from suicide, alcohol-related disease, and substance overdoses has increased steadily over the past two decades. To better understand these trends, it is necessary to first examine the harmful behaviors that often precede these preventable deaths (i.e., suicidal ideation and attempts, and harmful alcohol and substance use). Representing critical developmental periods in which psychopathology is most likely to emerge, childhood and adolescence provide an informative lens through which to investigate susceptibility to harmful behaviors. This article synthesizes current evidence describing these rising U.S. mortality rates and the prevalence rates of harmful behaviors linked to these types of mortality. A brief selective review of longitudinal research on harmful behaviors in relation to the most relevant categories of child and adolescent psychopathology is then provided. Finally, recommendations for future research and implications for prevention are discussed.

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Data Availability

In the figures, we describe mortality rates based on National Vital Statistics System Mortality File from the National Center for Health Statistics (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data_access/vitalstatsonline.htm).

Material/Code Availability

N/A.

Notes

  1. Data Source: National Vital Statistics System Mortality File from the National Center for Health Statistics and International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes for suicides (U03, X60–X84, and Y87.0), alcohol-related deaths (E24.4, F10, G31.2, G62.1, G72.1, I42.6, K29.2, K70, K85.2, K86.0, R78.0, X45, X65, and Y15) and overdose deaths (X40–X44, X60–X64, X85, and Y10–Y14). Note that, consistent with reports published by the National Center for Health Statistics, suicide, alcohol-related deaths, and overdose deaths are not mutually exclusive categories. Age-adjusted death rates were calculated using the direct method (Anderson & Rosenberg, 1998) and standard U.S. population estimates from 2000.

  2. If race or Hispanic origin are not reported on death certificate, those deaths are excluded from the figure. Rates for 2021 are not included due to changes in the reporting of race in 2021 data.

  3. Given the prevalence of multi-racial/ethnic self-identification and the reliance on limited and evolving categories of race and ethnicity in survey instruments, estimates of prevalence by race/ethnicity should be interpreted cautiously as homogeneity within groups over time may be low.

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  1. Simon Fraser University and B.C. Children’s Hospital, Burnaby, Canada

    Rachelle A. Yu & Robert J. McMahon

  2. Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK

    Natalie Goulter

  3. Duke University, Durham, USA

    Jennifer W. Godwin

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Yu, R.A., Goulter, N., Godwin, J.W. et al. Child and Adolescent Psychopathology and Subsequent Harmful Behaviors Associated with Premature Mortality: A Selective Review and Future Directions. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 26, 1008–1024 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-023-00459-y

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