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An overview of the production of tissue extracellular matrix and decellularization process

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Abstract

Thousands of patients need an organ transplant yearly, while only a tiny percentage have this chance to receive a tissue/organ transplant. Nowadays, decellularized animal tissue is one of the most widely used methods to produce engineered scaffolds for transplantation. Decellularization is defined as physically or chemically removing cellular components from tissues while retaining structural and functional extracellular matrix (ECM) components and creating an ECM-derived scaffold. Then, decellularized scaffolds could be reseeded with different cells to fabricate an autologous graft. Effective decellularization methods preserve ECM structure and bioactivity through the application of the agents and techniques used throughout the process. The most valuable agents for the decellularization process depend on biological properties, cellular density, and the thickness of the desired tissue. ECM-derived scaffolds from various mammalian tissues have been recently used in research and preclinical applications in tissue engineering. Many studies have shown that decellularized ECM-derived scaffolds could be obtained from tissues and organs such as the liver, cartilage, bone, kidney, lung, and skin. This review addresses the significance of ECM in organisms and various decellularization agents utilized to prepare the ECM. Also, we describe the current knowledge of the decellularization of different tissues and their applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Mahdavi-Shahri for his technical assistance and help throughout this review.

Author information

Author notes

  1. Shima Dehghani and Zahra Aghaee have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biology, Kavian Institute of Higher Education, Mashhad, Iran

    Shima Dehghani & Zahra Aghaee

  2. Division of Biotechnology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Azadi Square, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran

    Safoura Soleymani, Maryam Tafazoli & Amin Tavassoli

  3. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran

    Yasin Ghabool

Authors
  1. Shima Dehghani
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  2. Zahra Aghaee
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  3. Safoura Soleymani
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  4. Maryam Tafazoli
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  5. Yasin Ghabool
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  6. Amin Tavassoli
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amin Tavassoli.

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Dehghani, S., Aghaee, Z., Soleymani, S. et al. An overview of the production of tissue extracellular matrix and decellularization process. Cell Tissue Bank 25, 369–387 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-023-10112-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10561-023-10112-1

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