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Partnerships for Development: Four Models of Business Involvement

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Abstract

Over the last two decades there has been a proliferation of partnerships between business and government, multilateral bodies, and/or social actors such as NGOs and local community organizations engaged in promoting development. While proponents hail these partnerships as an important new approach to engaging business, critics argue that they are not only generally ineffective but also serve to legitimate a neo-liberal, global economic order which inhibits development. In order to understand and evaluate the role of such partnerships, it is necessary to appreciate their diversity with respect to not only the activities that they engage in, but also the degree to which they are subject to social control. This paper distinguishes four different types of business partnerships, based upon differing degrees of social control: conventional business; corporate social responsibility; corporate accountability; and social economy. Each type of partnership is described, their basic forms are noted, and the conditions and prospects for them contributing to development are examined. By way of conclusion, an analysis is offered of how the different types of business partnerships relate to different conceptions of development and function as policy paradigms to promote different globalization agendas.

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Abbreviations

CAP:

corporate accountability partnership

CBP:

conventional business partnership

CSRP:

corporate social responsibility partnership

ETI:

Ethical Trading Initiative

FAO:

Food and Agriculture Organization

FLA:

Fair Labor Association

FLO:

Fair Labelling Organization

FSC:

Forest Stewardship Council

FWF:

Fair Wear Foundation

ICA:

International Cooperative Alliance

ICC:

International Chamber of Commerce

IFI:

International Financial Institution

ILO:

International Labour Organization

ISO:

International Organization for Standardization

MDGs:

Millennium Development Goals

NGO:

Non-governmental organization

NSMD:

non-state market-driven initiative

OECD:

Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

SEP:

social economy partnership

SEWA:

Self-Employed Women’s Association

TNC:

transnational corporation

UCIRI:

Unión de Comunidades indígenas de la Regiódel Istmo (Union of Indigenous Communities of the Region of the Isthmus)

UNCED:

United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development

UNDP:

United Nations Development Program

UNGC:

United Nations Global Compact

WBCSD:

World Business Council for Sustainable Development

WCED:

World Commission on Environment and Development

WRC:

Workers Rights Consortium

WSF:

World Social Forum

WSSD:

World Summit on Sustainable Development

WRAP:

Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production

SAI:

Social Accountability International

WTO:

World Trade Organization

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  1. Department of Political Science, 6th Floor, South Ross Building, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3

    Ananya Mukherjee Reed

  2. Division of Social Science, York University, 7th Floor, South Ross Building, 4700 Keele St., Toronto, ON, Canada, M3J 1P3

    Darryl Reed

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Reed, A.M., Reed, D. Partnerships for Development: Four Models of Business Involvement. J Bus Ethics 90 (Suppl 1), 3–37 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9913-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9913-y

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