biologia plantarum

International journal on Plant Life established by Bohumil Němec in 1959

Biologia plantarum 54:224-230, 2010 | DOI: 10.1007/s10535-010-0040-0

Morphological and anatomical observations of abnormal somatic embryos from anther cultures of Citrus reticulata

C. Benelli1,*, M. A. Germanà2, T. Ganino3, D. Beghè3, A. Fabbri3
1 Istituto per la Valorizzazione del Legno e delle Specie Arboree/IVALSA, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
2 Dipartimento Senfimizo, Sezione Frutticoltura Mediterranea, Tropicale e Subtropicale, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
3 Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy

A morphological and anatomical study of regenerants obtained from mandarin anther culture was carried out. Beside morphologically normal somatic embryos, abnormal structures were originated in the course of somatic embryogenesis. Anatomical anomalies can be found at several growth stages, causing the formation of slender stems, stubby structures, non-functional leaves. When too long, some structures are subject to shedding, with the formation of various abscission zones. Most of them are subject to degeneration, although many are capable of further, localized, morphogenesis. A thorough knowledge of morphology and anatomy of normal and abnormal regenerants could make possible to select and subculture the lines considered most suitable for conversion into plantlets.

Keywords: mandarin; in vitro culture; anatomy; abnormal structures
Subjects: abnormal structures; anther culture; Citrus reticulata; in vitro culture, somatic embryogenesis

Received: March 13, 2007; Accepted: September 9, 2008; Published: June 1, 2010  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Benelli, C., Germanà, M.A., Ganino, T., Beghè, D., & Fabbri, A. (2010). Morphological and anatomical observations of abnormal somatic embryos from anther cultures of Citrus reticulata. Biologia plantarum, 54(2), 224-230. doi: 10.1007/s10535-010-0040-0
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. Alemanno, L., Berthouly, M., Michaux-Ferriere, N.: Histology of somatic embryogenesis from floral tissues of cocoa. - Plant Cell Tissue Organ Cult. 46: 187-194, 1996. Go to original source...
    2. Benelli, C., Fabbri, A., Grassi, S., Lambardi, M., Rugini, E.: Histology of somatic embryogenesis in mature tissues of olive (Olea europaea L.). - J. hort. Sci. Biotechnol. 76: 112-119, 2001. Go to original source...
    3. Bitters, W.P., Murashige, T., Rangan T.S., Nauer, E.: Investigation on established virus-free Citrus plants through tissue culture. - Calif. Nurseryman Soc. 9: 27-30, 1970.
    4. Button, J., Kochba, J., Bornmann, C.H.: Fine structure of and embryoid development from embryogenic ovular callus of 'shamouti' orange (Citrus sinensis Osb.). - J. exp. Bot. 25: 446-457, 1974. Go to original source...
    5. Chengalrayan, K., Mhaske, V.B., Hazra, S.: High-frequency conversion of abnormal peanut somatic embryos. - Plant Cell Rep. 16: 783-786, 1997. Go to original source...
    6. Engelmann, F., Dambier, D., Ollitrault, P.: Cryopreservation of embryogenic cell suspension and calluses of Citrus using a simplified freezing process. - Cryoletters 15: 53-58, 1994.
    7. Fernando, J.A., Melo, M., Soares, M.K.M., Appezzato da Gloria, B.: Anatomy of somatic embryogenesis in Carica papaya L. - Brazil Arch. Biol. Technol. 44: 247-255, 2001. Go to original source...
    8. Germanà, M.A.: Haploids and doubled haploids in Citrus spp. - In: Maluszynsky, M., Kasha, K.J., Forster, B.P., Szaejko, I., (ed.): Doubled Haploid Production in Crop Plants. Pp. 303-308. Kluwer Academic Publisher, Dordrecht 2003a. Go to original source...
    9. Germanà, M.A.: Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from anther culture of Citrus aurantium and Citrus reticulata. - Biológia (Bratislava) 58: 1-8, 2003b.
    10. Germanà, M.A., Reforgiato Recupero, G.: Haploid embryos regeneration from anther culture of 'Mapo' tangelo (Citrus deliciosa × C. paradisi). - Adv. hort. Sci. 11: 147-152, 1997.
    11. Germanà, M.A., Wang, Y.Y., Barbagallo, M.G., Iannolino, G., Crescimanno, F.G.: Recovery of haploid and diploid plantlets from anther culture of Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan. and Citrus reticulata Blanco. - J. hort. Sci. 69: 473-480, 1994. Go to original source...
    12. Griga, M.: Morphology and anatomy of Pisum sativum somatic embryos. - Biol. Plant. 45: 173-182, 2002. Go to original source...
    13. Huang, B.: Ultrastructural aspects of pollen embryogenesis in Hordeum, Triticum and Peonia. - In: Hu, H., Yiang D., (ed.): Haploids of Higher Plants in Vitro. Pp. 91-117. Springer-Verlag, Berlin 1986.
    14. Hussain, S.S., Rao, A.Q., Husnain, T., Riazuddin, S.: Cotton somatic embryo development affects its concersion to plant. - Biol. Plant. 53: 307-311, 2009. Go to original source...
    15. Maheshwari, P., Ranga Swamy, N.S.: Polyembryony and in vitro culture of embryos of Citrus and Mangifera. - Indian J. Hort. 15: 275-282, 1958.
    16. Mendes-da-Gloria, F.J., Mourao Filho, F.A.A., Appezzato da Gloria, B.: Morfologia de embryones nucelares de laranja' Valencia' (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbek). - Acta bot. brasil. 15: 17-25, 2001. Go to original source...
    17. Niedz, R.P., Hyndman, S.E., Wynn, E.T., Bausher, M.G.: Normalizing sweet orange (C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck) somatic embryogenesis with semi-permeable membranes. - In Vitro cell. dev. Biol. Plant 38: 552-557, 2002. Go to original source...
    18. Parrot, W.A., Bailey, M.A. Durham, R.E., Mathews, H.V.: Tissue culture and regeneration of legumes. - In: Moss, J.P. (ed.): Proceedings of the International Workshop on Biotechnology and Crop Improvement. Pp. 115-148. ICRISAT, Hyderabad 1992.
    19. Pérez, R.M., Navarro, L., Duran-Vila, N.: Cryopreservation and storage of embryogenic callus cultures of several Citrus species and cultivars. - Plant Cell Rep. 17: 44-49, 1997. Go to original source...
    20. Ramirez, C., Chiancone, B., Testillano, P.S., Garcìa-Fojeda, B., Germanà, M.A., Risuono, M.C.: First embryogenic stages of Citrus microspore-derived embryos. - Acta biol. cracov. bot. 45: 53-58, 2003.
    21. Ricci, A.P., Mourao Filho, F.A.A., Mendes, B.M.J., Piedade, S.M.S.: Somatic embryogenesis in Citrus sinensis, C. reticulata and C. nobilis × C. deliciosa. - Sci. Agr. 59: 41-46, 2002. Go to original source...
    22. Ruzin, E.: Plant Microtechnique and Microscopy. - Oxford University Press, New York 1999.
    23. Sakai, A., Kobayashi, S., Oiyama, I.: Survival by vitrification of nucellar cells of navel orange (Citrus sinensis Osb. var. brasiliensis) cooled to -196° C. - J. Plant Physiol. 137: 463-470, 1991. Go to original source...
    24. Tavano, E.C.R., Stipp, L.C.L., Muniz, F.R., Mourao Filho, F.A.A., Mendes, B.M.J.: In vitro organogenesis of Citrus volkameriana and Citrus aurantium. - Biol. Plant. 53: 395-399, 2009. Go to original source...
    25. Tomaz, M.L., Mendes, B.M.J., Mourao Filho, F. A. A., Demetrio, C. G. B., Jansakul, N., Rodriguez, A. P. M.: Somatic embryogenesis in Citrus spp: carbohydrate stimulation and histodifferentiation. - In Vitro cell. dev. Biol. Plant 37: 446-452, 2001. Go to original source...
    26. Vardi, A., Galun, E.: Isolation and culture of Citrus protoplasts. - In: Bajaj, Y.P.S. (ed.): Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry. Pp. 147-159. Springer-Verlag, Berlin - Heidelberg 1989. Go to original source...
    27. Vardi, A., Spiegel-Roy, P.: Plant regeneration from Citrus protoplasts: variability in methodological requirements among cultivars and species. - Theor. appl. Genet. 72: 171-176, 1992. Go to original source...
    28. Xie, D.Y., Hong, Y.: Regeneration of Acacia mangium through somatic embryogenesis. - Plant Cell Rep. 20: 34-40, 2001. Go to original source...
    29. Zegzouti, R., Arnould, M.F., Favre, J.M.: Histological investigation of the multiplication step in secondary somatic embryogenesis of Quercus robur L. - Ann. forest. Sci. 58: 681-690, 2001. Go to original source...

    Return to the content