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Charophyte diversity and their habitat conservation perspectives: insights from vegetation versus sediments survey of a small pond in Serbia

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Abstract

Many charophytes are rare and endangered algae species. All charophyte species significantly contribute to the stability and health of the ecosystems they inhabit. Charophytes survive in their habitats thanks to the longevity of the diaspores (oospores and gyrogonites) in the sediment. Many charophyte species have a specific phenology and can sometimes be overlooked in surveys of macrophyte vegetation. We monitored vegetation for three years and collected sediment from a small water body in Serbia to test the hypotheses that (a) Extant charophyte diaspores have promising, yet currently limited application as taxonomic markers, (b) Vegetation data on charophyte diversity may provide different information than data obtained by extracting diaspores from sediments and (c) parallel surveys of vegetation and sediments can provide a more comprehensive view of charophyte diversity compared to traditional annual vegetation monitoring. Diaspores proved to be promising taxonomic characters for charophyte identification. In our study, six taxa could be identified on a species level based on diaspores alone, while one species group (Chara spp.) requires further investigation as it could consist of up to four species. Compared to vegetation, the sediment survey provided different information on charophyte diversity and confirmed the presence of the species Sphaerochara intricata and Sphaerochara prolifera, which were never detected during the vegetation survey. Sediment studies conducted in parallel with vegetation studies provide important insight into the diversity of charophytes and the prospects for their habitat conservation.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, Ivana Trbojević, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are sincerely grateful to Milica Petrović Ðurić for the technical assistance, expertise and commitment in material processing, and to Prof. Milica Ljaljević Grbić for her kind support of our study. We extend our gratitude to Ms Nadežda Buntić for English language editing. The authors owe special thanks to Dr. habil. Ingeborg Soulié-Märsche for constructive and supportive comments and suggestions, that directed and shaped our research outcomes. We thank the anonymous reviewers for their careful reading of our manuscript and their many insightful comments and suggestions, which have significantly improved our manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the Rufford foundation (Grant no. 25789-1 and Grant no. 34213-2), and Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Grant no. 451-03-47/2023-01/ 200178).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Biology, Institute of Botany and Botanical Garden “Jevremovac”, University of Belgrade, Takovska 43, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Vanja Milovanović, Jasmina Šinžar Sekulić, Gordana Subakov Simić & Ivana Trbojević

  2. Faculty of Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 3, 21000, Novi Sad, Serbia

    Dušanka Cvijanović

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  1. Vanja Milovanović
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. In the field, the material was collected by Ivana Trbojević, Vanja Milovanović and Jasmina Šinžar Sekulić. Analyses of the material in the laboratory were performed by Ivana Trbojević and Vanja Milovanović. Data analysis and interpretation was done by Jasmina Šinžar Sekulić, Ivana Trbojević and Vanja Milovanović. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Vanja Milovanović and Ivana Trbojević, and all authors edited and commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Milovanović, V., Šinžar Sekulić, J., Cvijanović, D. et al. Charophyte diversity and their habitat conservation perspectives: insights from vegetation versus sediments survey of a small pond in Serbia. Biodivers Conserv 33, 1413–1437 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-024-02808-x

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