Abstract
Today, application of in vitro culture by means of slow growth storage of shoot cultures and cryopreservation of organs, tissues and cells in liquid nitrogen presents a remarkable strategic tool to support medium- and long-term conservation of plant genetic resources. Over the last 30 years, considerable progresses have been made in the development of both methods that are currently considered as ex situ conservation strategies, complementary to traditional seed banks and in-field clonal collections. Efficient protocols were developed for the conservation of a large number of crops, including strategically-important vegetables, such as garlic, artichoke, asparagus, cassava, Jerusalem artichoke, mint, potato, sweet potato, chicory, taro, thyme and yam. As a consequence, more than 45,000 accessions of vegetable crops are maintained in 22 genetic resources conservation centers (biobanks), located in 16 countries and 6 continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, North and South America). Approximately 4/5 of these accessions are maintained in vitro by means of slow growth storage of shoot cultures, but cryopreservation is also constantly growing, with almost 8300 vegetable accessions being stored in liquid nitrogen at − 196 °C.
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Abbreviations
- ARC:
-
Agricultural Research Council; South Africa
- CAAS:
-
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; China
- CAES:
-
Central Agricultural Experiment Station; Japan
- CePaCT:
-
Centre for Pacific Crops and Trees; Republic of Fiji
- CIAT:
-
International Center of Tropical Agriculture; Colombia
- CIP:
-
International Potato Center; Peru
- CPRI:
-
Central Potato Research Institute; India
- CRI:
-
Crop Research Institute; Czech Republic
- EMBRAPA:
-
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation; Brazil
- ICAR - NBPGR:
-
National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources; India
- IITA:
-
International Institute for Tropical Agriculture; Nigeria
- InHort:
-
Research Institute of Horticulture; Poland
- IPK:
-
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research; Germany
- IRD:
-
Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement; France (ex-ORSTOM, Office de la Recherche Scientifique et Technique Outre-Mer).
- NAC:
-
National Agrobiodiversity Center; South Korea
- NARO:
-
National Agriculture and Food Research Organization; Japan
- NCSS:
-
National Center of Seed and Seedlings; Japan
- NIAS:
-
National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences; Japan
- NICS:
-
National Institute of Crop Science; South Korea
- PFR:
-
New Zealand Institute of Plant and Food Research; New Zealand
- PRI:
-
Potato Research Institute; Czech Republic
- USDA-ARS:
-
US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service; United States
- USPG:
-
US Potato Genebank; United States
- VIR:
-
N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources; Russia
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Acknowledgements
The contribution of Claudia Ruta as part of the project "Biodiversity of horticultural species of Puglia (BiodiverSO)" - intervention funded by the European Union under Measure 10.2.1 PSR Puglia 2014-2020, "Projects for the conservation and enhancement of genetic resources in agriculture". The contribution of Maurizio Lambardi as part of the “International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture - RGV-FAO, 2020-2022”.
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Communicated by Daniel Sanchez Mata.
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Ruta, C., Lambardi, M. & Ozudogru, E.A. Biobanking of vegetable genetic resources by in vitro conservation and cryopreservation. Biodivers Conserv 29, 3495–3532 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02051-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02051-0