Abstract
Chinook salmon represent one of the most successful salmonid introductions in South America, and today multiple naturalized populations exist across Patagonia. Here, we present an updated regional distribution of Chinook salmon that includes new records of occurrences collected between 2006 and 2022. We found a significant range expansion in terms of occurrences for adult (18 new basins; 2,854,108 km2) and adult spawners or juvenile (12 new basins; 53,262 km2) salmon extending both to the north and south of the previously known colonized range in South America. This range expansion (38% of the area considering only occurrences indicating reproduction via adult spawners or juvenile salmon) included major basins draining to both the Pacific Ocean and Atlantic Ocean coasts of the continent. Adult Chinook salmon are currently reported from 48 large basins (33.62°–54.97° S) covering a total drainage area of 3,047,197 km2. The observed expansion we document here has been likely driven by the dispersal of straying adults from historically naturalized populations. Our findings provide evidence that the invasion of Chinook salmon in South America is ongoing and updated information relevant to the management of this invasive and socio-ecologically important fish.
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Data availability
Occurrence records data for Chinook salmon in South America are available in DRYAD: https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.rbnzs7hh2.
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Acknowledgements
Orlando Raín and Matías Raín are fishers who caught the specimens in the Cisnes River. Ballestero-Huelmo family, Martín and Luis Lobato in Laguna de Rocha; Esteban Veiga, "Pato" Veiga and Marcelo in Laguna de Castillos were the fishers who caught the specimens in Uruguay. We also thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments on earlier versions of the manuscript.
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Núcleo Milenio INVASAL funded by Chile's ANID—Programa Iniciativa Científica Milenio—NCN16_034 & NCN2021_056.
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DG-U, IA, GF-M, JAO, GF, JC, CD, CH, and TC contributed to study conception and design. GF-M and JAO led the writing and review. GF-M, AO, and IA analyzed the data. GFM and JAO carried out bibliographic research and data curation. Preparation of the first draft was completed by GF-M, CM, and IA. GF, ML, SS, IG-B, GP, BE, JC, CD, and TC provided data from research monitoring. All authors contributed to editing and have approved the final manuscript.
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Figueroa-Muñoz, G., Olivos, J.A., Arismendi, I. et al. Contemporary distribution of non-native Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in South America. Biol Invasions 25, 2727–2735 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03083-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-023-03083-7