Abstract
Purpose
The limited availability of autologous vessels for vascular bypass surgeries is a major roadblock to treating severe cardiovascular diseases. Based on this clinical priority, our group has developed a novel engineered vascular graft by rolling human amniotic membranes into multilayered extracellular matrixes (ECM). When treated with silica nanoparticles (SiNP), these rolled scaffolds showed a significant improvement in their structural and mechanical properties, matching those from gold standard autologous grafts. However, it remained to be determined how cells respond to SiNP-treated materials. As a first step toward understanding the biocompatibility of SiNP-dosed biomaterials, we aimed to assess how endothelial cells and blood components interact with SiNP-treated ECM scaffolds.
Methods
To test this, we used established in vitro assays to study SiNP and SiNP-treated scaffolds’ cyto and hemocompatibility.
Results
Our results showed that SiNP effects on cells were concentration-dependent with no adverse effects observed up to 10 μg/ml of SiNP, with higher concentrations inducing cytotoxic and hemolytic responses. The SiNP also enhanced the scaffold’s hydrophobicity state, a feature known to inhibit platelet and immune cell adhesion. Accordingly, SiNP-treated scaffolds were also shown to support endothelial cell growth while preventing platelet and leukocyte adhesion.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the addition of SiNP to human amniotic membrane extracellular matrixes improves the cyto- and hemocompatibility of rolled scaffolds and highlights this strategy as a robust mechanism to stabilize layered collagen scaffolds for vascular tissue regeneration.
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Data availability
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
Special thanks to Kimberly Backer-Kelley of the Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research for her support at the Electron Microscopy core lab. UF Health Shands Labor & Delivery unit. Dr. Dara Wakefield and Louis Kauo of the UF Health Shands Department of Pathology.
Funding
Financial support provided by the National Institute of Health (NIH R01 HL088207).
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LAG: Performed experiments, analyzed the data and wrote the paper; HDZ: analyzed the data and wrote the paper; CMF: performed experiments, wrote the paper; PMF: Supervised the study, analyzed the data and wrote the paper.
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Placental tissues were obtained from the Labor & Delivery department at UF Health Shands Hospital at the University of Florida (Gainesville, FL, IRB Approval #64-2010).
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Goldberg, L.A., Zomer, H.D., McFetridge, C. et al. Silica nanoparticles enhance the cyto- and hemocompatibility of a multilayered extracellular matrix scaffold for vascular tissue regeneration. Biotechnol Lett 46, 249–261 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-023-03459-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-023-03459-8