Abstract
Objectives
To examine whether an engineered tendon matrix (ETM) environment and growth and differentiation factor-6 (GDF-6) have synergistic effects on the tenogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and the quality of tendon repair.
Results
ETM and GDF-6 promote tenogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Implantation of GDF-6-incorporated ETM containing BMSCs into a tendon injury model significantly improved the histological and mechanical properties of the repaired tendon.
Conclusions
GDF-6-incorporated ETM containing BMSCs represents a promising strategy for tendon injury repair.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Butler DL, Juncosa N, Dressler MR (2004) Functional efficacy of tendon repair processes. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 6:303–329
Chai W, Ni M, Rui YF, Zhang KY, Zhang Q, Xu LL, Chan KM, Li G, Wang Y (2013) Effect of growth and differentiation factor 6 on the tenogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 126:1509–1516
Chong AK, Ang AD, Goh JC, Hui JH, Lim AY, Lee EH, Lim BH (2007) Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells influence early tendon-healing in a rabbit achilles tendon model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89:74–81
Hogan MV, Walker GN, Cui LR, Fu FH, Huard J (2015) The role of stem cells and tissue engineering in orthopaedic sports medicine: current evidence and future directions. Arthroscopy 31:1017–1021
Huang TF, Yew TL, Chiang ER, Ma HL, Hsu CY, Hsu SH, Hsu YT, Hung SC (2013) Mesenchymal stem cells from a hypoxic culture improve and engraft achilles tendon repair. Am J Sports Med 41:1117–1125
Jelinsky SA, Archambault J, Li L, Seeherman H (2010) Tendon-selective genes identified from rat and human musculoskeletal tissues. J Orthop Res 28:289–297
Jiang D, Xu B, Yang M, Zhao Z, Zhang Y, Li Z (2014) Efficacy of tendon stem cells in fibroblast-derived matrix for tendon tissue engineering. Cytotherapy 16:662–673
Murchison ND, Price BA, Conner DA, Keene DR, Olson EN, Tabin CJ, Schweitzer R (2007) Regulation of tendon differentiation by scleraxis distinguishes force-transmitting tendons from muscle-anchoring tendons. Development 134:2697–2708
Ni M, Lui PP, Rui YF, Lee YW, Lee YW, Tan Q, Wong YM, Kong SK, Lau PM, Li G, Chan KM (2012) Tendon-derived stem cells (TDSCs) promote tendon repair in a rat patellar tendon window defect model. J Orthop Res 30:613–619
Ni M, Rui YF, Tan Q, Liu Y, Xu LL, Chan KM, Wang Y, Li G (2013) Engineered scaffold-free tendon tissue produced by tendon-derived stem cells. Biomaterials 34:2024–2037
Pei M, He F, Kish VL (2011) Expansion on extracellular matrix deposited by human bone marrow stromal cells facilitates stem cell proliferation and tissue-specific lineage potential. Tissue Eng Part A 17:3067–3076
Tan Q, Lui PP, Rui YF, Wong YM (2012) Comparison of potentials of stem cells isolated from tendon and bone marrow for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. Tissue Eng Part A 18:840–851
Yao J, Woon CY, Behn A, Korotkova T, Park DY, Gajendran V, Smith RL (2012) The effect of suture coated with mesenchymal stem cells and bioactive substrate on tendon repair strength in a rat model. J Hand Surg Am. 37:1639–1645
Zhang G, Ezura Y, Chervoneva I, Robinson PS, Beason DP, Carine ET, Soslowsky LJ, Iozzo RV, Birk DE (2006) Decorin regulates assembly of collagen fibrils and acquisition of biomechanical properties during tendon development. J Cell Biochem 98:1436–1449
Zhang J, Li B, Wang JH (2011) The role of engineered tendon matrix in the stemness of tendon stem cells in vitro and the promotion of tendon-like tissue formation in vivo. Biomaterials 32:6972–6981
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China (No.30901516, 81472085).
Supporting information
Supplementary Table 1—Primer sequences of target genes for real-time RT-PCR.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Electronic supplementary material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Jiang, D., Gao, P., Zhang, Y. et al. Combined effects of engineered tendon matrix and GDF-6 on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-based tendon regeneration. Biotechnol Lett 38, 885–892 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-016-2037-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10529-016-2037-z