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Role of Phytobiotics in Modulating Transcriptomic Profile in Carps: A Mini-Review

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Abstract

Carp is a key aquaculture species worldwide. The intensification of carp farming, aimed at meeting the high demand for protein sources for human consumption, has resulted in adverse effects such as poor water quality, increased stress, and disease outbreaks. While antibiotics have been utilized to mitigate these issues, their use poses risks to both public health and the environment. As a result, alternative and more sustainable practices have been adopted to manage the health of farmed carp, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, and vaccines to prevent disease outbreaks. Phytobiotics, being both cost-effective and abundant, have gained widespread acceptance. They offer various benefits in carp farming, such as improved growth performance, enhanced immune system, increased antioxidant capacity, stress alleviation from abiotic factors, and enhanced disease resistance. Currently, a focal point of research involves employing molecular approaches to assess the impacts of phytobiotics in aquatic animals. Gene expression, the process by which genetic information encoded is translated into function, along with transcription profiling, serves as a crucial tool for detecting changes in gene expression within cells. These changes provide valuable insights into the growth rate, immune system, and flesh quality of aquatic animals. This review delves into the positive impacts of phytobiotics on immune responses, growth, antioxidant capabilities, and flesh quality, all discerned through gene expression changes in carp species. Furthermore, this paper explores existing research gaps and outlines future prospects for the utilization of phytobiotics in aquaculture.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This research was funded by Geran Antarabangsa dari Yala Rajabhat University (Grant No.: R/YALA/A0700/00387A/008/2023/01159); Title: Beneficial Effects of Peperomia Pellucida (PP) (L) Kunth in Red Hybrid. The review article is from the collaboration between Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Sylhet Agricultural University, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Universiti Sains Malaysia, and the University of Arkansas. These collaborations are a part of the planning by the Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group – ALAReG under the Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus.

Funding

Research was supported in part by funds provided by USDA-NIFA Sustainable Agriculture Systems, Grant No. 2019–69012-29905. Title of Project: Empowering US Broiler Production for Transformation and Sustainability USDA-NIFA (Sustainable Agriculture Systems): No. 2019–69012-29905.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural Sciences, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Lee Seong Wei & Zulhisyam Abdul Kari

  2. Advanced Livestock and Aquaculture Research Group, Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

    Lee Seong Wei & Zulhisyam Abdul Kari

  3. Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA

    Guillermo Téllez-Isaías

  4. College of Fisheries, Mindanao State University-Tawi-Tawi College of Technology and Oceanography, Sanga-Sanga, 7500, Bongao, Tawi-Tawi, Philippines

    Albaris B. Tahiluddin

  5. Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Science, Kastamonu University, 37200, Kastamonu, Türkiye

    Albaris B. Tahiluddin

  6. Center of Fundamental and Continuing Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

    Wendy Wee

  7. Department of Aquaculture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh

    Muhammad Anamul Kabir

  8. School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Minden, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Noor Khalidah Abdul Hamid

  9. Faculty of Science Technology and Agriculture, Yala Rajabhat University, Yala Province, 133 Thetsaban 3 Rd, Sateng, Mueang, 95000, Thailand

    Romalee Cheadoloh

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  1. Lee Seong Wei
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by LSW, GTI, and ZAK. The first draft of the manuscript was written by LSW and ZAK, and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Lee Seong Wei or Zulhisyam Abdul Kari.

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Wei, L.S., Téllez-Isaías, G., Abdul Kari, Z. et al. Role of Phytobiotics in Modulating Transcriptomic Profile in Carps: A Mini-Review. Biochem Genet (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-023-10606-3

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