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Infection of plant-parasitic nematodes by Paecilomyces lilacinus and Monacrosporium lysipagum

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Abstract

Studying the mode of infection of a biocontrol agent is important in order to assess its efficiency. The mode and severity of infection of nematodes by a soil saprophyte Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) Samson and a knob-producing nematode trapping fungus Monacrosporium lysipagum (Drechsler) Subram were studied under laboratory conditions using microscopy. Infection of stationary stages of nematodes by P. lilacinus was studied with three plant-parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne javanica (Treub) Chitwood, Heterodera avenae Wollenweber and Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne. Paecilomyces lilacinus infected eggs, juveniles and females of M. javanica by direct hyphal penetration. The early developed eggs were more susceptible than the eggs containing fully developed juveniles. As observed by transmission electron microscopy, fungal hypha penetrated the M. javanica female cuticle directly. Paecilomyces lilacinus also infected immature cysts of H. avenae including eggs in the cysts and the eggs of R. similis. Trapping and subsequent killing of mobile stages of nematodes by M. lysipagum were studied with the above three nematodes. In addition, plant-parasitic nematodes Pratylenchus neglectus (Rensch) Chitwood and Oteifa and Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kuhn) Filipjev were tested with M. lysipagum. This fungus was shown to infect mobile stages of all the plant-parasitic nematodes. In general, juveniles except those of P. neglectus, were more susceptible to the attack than adults.

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Abbreviations

DIC:

differential interference contrast

LM:

light microscope

PCA:

potato carrot agar

PDA:

potato dextrose agar

SC:

surface coat

SEM:

scanning electron microscope

TEM:

transmission electron microscope

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Proteome Systems Ltd., 1/35-41 Waterloo Road, North Ryde, NSW, 2113, Australia

    Alamgir Khan & Keith L. Williams

  2. Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Helena K. M. Nevalainen

  3. Macquarie University Biotechnology Institute, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Helena K. M. Nevalainen

  4. Australian Proteome Analysis Facility, Macquarie University, Level 4, Building F7B, Research Park Drive, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Alamgir Khan

Authors
  1. Alamgir Khan
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  2. Keith L. Williams
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  3. Helena K. M. Nevalainen
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Correspondence to Alamgir Khan.

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Khan, A., Williams, K.L. & Nevalainen, H.K.M. Infection of plant-parasitic nematodes by Paecilomyces lilacinus and Monacrosporium lysipagum . Biocontrol 51, 659–678 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-005-4242-x

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