Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Experimental evaluation of the in-plane behaviour of masonry wall infilled RC frames

  • Original Research Paper
  • Published:
Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This study focuses on the in-plane behaviour of unreinforced masonry (URM) infill walls installed in reinforced concrete (RC) frames. Five 1/4-scale model frames were designed based on a prototype RC building with URM infill walls in Turkey. The experimental parameters were the layout of the URM infill (its presence or absence), number of spans (single or double), number of stories (single or double), and stacking pattern of the URM infill (horizontal or vertical). Static cyclic loading tests were conducted to investigate the lateral force resisting mechanisms in the in-plane direction, which were evaluated based on the strain data measured on blocks forming the infill walls. The results indicated the following: (1) The vertically stacked infill did not form a typical diagonal compressive strut and showed lower seismic performance than the horizontally stacked infill. (2) For the specimens with horizontally stacked infill, the one-story, two-bay specimen formed a diagonal compressive strut in each infill wall similar to that formed in the one-story, one-bay specimen, whereas a steeper compressive strut through both stories appeared in the two-story, one-bay specimen. To verify the above strut mechanisms in the horizontally stacked infill, the compressive struts in the specimens were quantitatively identified based on strain data recorded on the infill. The identified compressive struts indicated that single strut models were applicable to multi-bay infilled frames; however, the stress transfer across floors should be considered in multi-story frames.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

Δ, R :

Lateral drift and drift angle at the uppermost beam in a specimen

H :

Internal height of the wall

Q My , Q Sy :

Shear force at flexural yielding and shear strength

c M c , b M c :

Cracking moment of the column and beam

c θ c , b θ c :

Rotation angle of the column and beam at the cracking moment

f ′ c :

Compressive strength of concrete

Z :

Section modulus

N, σ 0 :

Axial force and axial stress

b, D, d, h 0, l 0 :

Width, depth, effective depth, clear height of the column, and clear length of the beam

E, I :

Young’s modulus and cross-sectional moment of inertia

c M y , b M y :

Flexural yield moment of the column and beam

c θ y , b θ y :

Rotation angle of the column and beam at the flexural yield moment

g 1 :

Ratio of the spacing between the centroids of the compressive and tensile longitudinal bars to the member depth

a t , p t, p w :

Gross area of tensile reinforcement and tensile and shear reinforcement ratios

f y , f wy :

Yield stress of the longitudinal and shear reinforcements

a :

Depth of the equivalent rectangular stress block

j :

Distance between the centroids of the tensile and compressive stresses

c α y , b α y :

Reduction factor of the secant stiffness at yielding to the elastic stiffness of the column and beam

n :

Ratio of the Young’s modulus of the reinforcement to that of the concrete

a′, η 0 :

Shear span and axial force ratio (=N/bDf ′ c )

M/(Qd):

Shear span-to-effective depth ratio (=h 0/(2d))

ε j , θ j :

Principal compressive strain of the jth block unit

ε cm :

Compressive strain at the maximum strength recorded during the prism test

θ :

Main diagonal strut angle

ε i :

Compressive strain of the ith section

ε m :

Mean value of the compressive strain

C y, i :

Central axis distance of the ith section

C y :

Equivalent central axis distance of the evaluated strut

W e, i :

Effective width of the ith section

W eq :

Equivalent diagonal compressive strut width

σ m :

Equivalent compressive stress acting within the evaluated compressive strut

t :

Wall thickness

y i :

Distance of each block in the ith section from the reference line

V C :

Lateral shear strength of the URM infill wall

References

  • American Concrete Institute (ACI) (2014) Building code requirements for structural concrete (ACI 318-14)

  • Architectural Institute of Japan (AIJ) (2016) AIJ standard for lateral load-carrying capacity calculation of reinforced concrete structures (in Japanese)

  • FEMA 306 (1998) Evaluation of earthquake damaged concrete and masonry wall buildings. Applied Technology Council (ATC-43 Project)

  • Gere JM, Timoshenko S (1997) Mechanics of materials, 4th edn. PWS Publishing Company, Boston

    Google Scholar 

  • Gülkan P, Binici B, Sucuoğlu H, Taghipour A, Demirel O, Tanışer S, Güneş O, Ismail M, Fehling E, Nakano Y, Sanada Y, Choi H (2015) An innovative tie system for improving the monolithic behavior of masonry in-filled reinforced concrete frames (INFILTIE). In: 3rd Turkish national conference on earthquake engineering and seismology. 14–16 October 2015, Dokuz Eylül University, İzmir

  • Hashemi A, Mosalam KM (2007) Seismic evaluation of reinforced concrete buildings including effects of masonry infill walls. In: PEER report 2007/100, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center

  • Holmes M (1961) Steel frames with brickwork and concrete infilling. Proc Inst Civil Eng 19:473–478. doi:10.1680/iicep.1961.11305

    Google Scholar 

  • Jin KW, Choi H, Nakano Y (2016) Experimental study on lateral strength evaluation of unreinforced masonry-infilled RC frame. Earthq Spectra 32:1725–1747. doi:10.1193/00714EQS152M

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Maidiawati Sanada Y, Konishi D, Tanjung J (2011) Seismic performance of nonstructural brick walls used in Indonesian R/C buildings. J Asian Archit Build Eng 10:203–210. doi:10.3130/jaabe.10.203

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mainstone RJ (1971) Summary of paper 7360: on the stiffness and strength of infilled frames. Proc Inst Civil Eng 49:230. doi:10.1680/iicep.1971.6267

    Google Scholar 

  • Stafford SB, Carter C (1969) A method of analysis for infill frames. Proc Inst Civil Eng 44:31–48. doi:10.1680/iicep.1969.7290

    Google Scholar 

  • Turgay T, Durmus MC, Binici B, Ozcebe G (2014) Evaluation of the predictive models for stiffness, strength, and deformation capacity of RC frames with masonry infill walls. J Struct Eng 140:06014003. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001069

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The project was funded by the CONCERT-Japan (Connecting and Coordinating European Research and Technology Development with Japan) project (Project leader: Professor P. Gülkan, currently at Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Turkey, with support provided by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey under Project 113M557, Project leader in Japan: Professor Y. Nakano) under JST (Japan Science and Technology Agency). The authors are thankful to both agencies for their financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan

    Tomomi Suzuki & Yasushi Sanada

  2. Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

    Ho Choi, Yoshiaki Nakano & Kazuto Matsukawa

  3. Nippon Koei India Private Limited, New Delhi, India

    Devjyoti Paul

  4. Civil Engineering Program, Middle East Technical University, Northern Cyprus Campus, Güzelyurt-Kalkanli, 99738, Mersin 10, Turkey

    Polat Gülkan

  5. Department of Civil Engineering, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey

    Baris Binici

Authors
  1. Tomomi Suzuki
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ho Choi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Yasushi Sanada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Yoshiaki Nakano
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Kazuto Matsukawa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Devjyoti Paul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Polat Gülkan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Baris Binici
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ho Choi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Suzuki, T., Choi, H., Sanada, Y. et al. Experimental evaluation of the in-plane behaviour of masonry wall infilled RC frames. Bull Earthquake Eng 15, 4245–4267 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0139-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0139-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation