Abstract
The Arthrodermataceae, or dermatophytes, are a major family in the Onygenales and important from a public health safety perspective. Here, based on sequenced and downloaded from GenBank sequences, the evolutionary relationships of Arthrodermataceae were comprehensively studied via phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence time estimation, phylogenetic split network, and phylogeography analysis. These results showed the clades Ctenomyces, Epidermophyton, Guarromyces, Lophophyton, Microsporum, Paraphyton, and Trichophyton were all monophyletic groups, whereas Arthroderma and Nannizzia were polyphyletic. Among them, Arthroderma includes at least four different clades, Arthroderma I, III and IV are new clades in Arthrodermataceae. Nannizzia contains at least two different clades, Nannizzia I and Nannizzia II, but Nannizzia II was a new clade in Arthrodermataceae. The unclassified group, distributed in Japan and India, was incorrectly identified; it should be a new clade in Arthrodermataceae. The phylogenetic split network based on the ITS sequences provided strong support for the true relationships among the lineages in the reconstructed phylogenetic tree. A haplotype phylogenetic network based on the ITS sequences was used to visualize species evolution and geographic lineages relationships in all genera except Trichophyton. The new framework provided here for the phylogeny and taxonomy of Arthrodermataceae will facilitate the rapid identification of species in the family, which should useful for evaluating the results of preventive measures and interventions, as well as for conducting epidemiological studies.
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Data Availability
The datasets analysed during the current study are available in the GenBank (ITS: MZ019572, MZ019566–MZ020153; LSU: MZ019553–MZ019565; RP 60S L1: OK448405–OK448417; TEF3: OK448392–OK448404; TUB2: OK448379–OK448391).
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Funding
This work was supported by Key Areas of Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province (No. 2018B020205003), “Hundred” Talent Projects of Guizhou Province (Qian Ke He [2020] 6005), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32060011, 31860002) and Construction Program of Biology First-class Discipline in Guizhou (GNYL [2017] 009).
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Conceptualization: Y-FH and Z-QL; data curation: ZY-Z and Y-LR; formal analysis: Z-YZ and XL; funding acquisition: Y-FH, W-HC and J-ZH; writing-original draft: Z-YZ; writing-review and editing: Z-YZ, Y-LR, XL, W-HC, J-DL, Y-FH and Z-QL. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Zhang, ZY., Ren, YL., Li, X. et al. New taxonomic framework for Arthrodermataceae: a comprehensive analysis based on their phylogenetic reconstruction, divergence time estimation, phylogenetic split network, and phylogeography. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 115, 1319–1333 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-022-01774-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-022-01774-0