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Growth Trajectories of Peer Norms, Self-efficacy and Condom Use Behavior Among Sexually Active Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men: Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling

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Abstract

Data from a randomized controlled trial in 2015 were used to estimate the growth trajectories of peer norms, self-efficacy, and condom use behavior, and to identify associated sociodemographic and behavioral factors among a sample of 804 Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM). Latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling were conducted using Mplus. Two growth trajectories were estimated for each outcome variable with good model fit. The growth trajectories of peer norms were related to age (β = − 0.066, p < 0.05). The growth trajectories of self-efficacy were related to age (β = 0.057, p < 0.01) and using a condom during first sexual encounter with another man (β = 0.777, p < 0.001). The growth trajectories of condom use behavior were related to income (β = 0.366, p < 0.01) and having casual male partners (β = − 1.016, p < 0.001). Predictors for the growth factors within each latent class were also estimated. For subsets of MSM who are older, richer, used a condom during their first sexual encounter with another man, and do not have a casual male partner, condom videos may not have sufficient efficacy and other interventions may be necessary.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 1R01AI114310]; UNC-South China STD Research Training Centre [Fogarty International Centre 1D43TW009532 to JT]; UNC Center for AIDS Research [National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 5P30AI050410]; the UNC Chapel Hill, Johns Hopkins University, Morehead School of Medicine and Tulane University (UJMT) Fogarty Fellowship [FIC R25TW0093]; and American Psychological Association’s Cyber Mentors Program [National Institute of Mental Health R25-MH083635]. The listed grant funders played no role in any step of this study. We appreciate the men who participated in this study. We also thank Dr. Angela Jacques Tiura for careful edit and Prof. Eleanor Holroyd for proofreading. The content of the article is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shandong University, 44 West Wenhua Road, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China

    Haochu Li, Wei Ma & Baofa Jiang

  2. UNC Project-China, Institute for Global Health and Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Joseph D. Tucker & Weiming Tang

  3. SESH Global, Guangzhou, China

    Joseph D. Tucker & Weiming Tang

  4. Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Eun Sook Kim

  5. Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China

    Gifty Marley

  6. Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, China

    Dianmin Kang & Meizhen Liao

  7. Guangdong Provincial Center for Skin Diseases and STI Control, Guangzhou, China

    Weiming Tang

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  1. Haochu Li
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Contributions

HL contributed to the conception and design of the study and drafted the paper. JT provided oversight for data collection, and WM, DK, ML, WT, and BJ assisted in the data collection. HL and GM searched the literature. HL and ESK analyzed the data. All authors revised the manuscript and approved the final version to be published.

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Correspondence to Haochu Li.

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This study was reviewed and approved by institutional review boards at the Guangdong Provincial Center for Skin Diseases and STI Control, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and University of California San Francisco.

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Li, H., Tucker, J.D., Ma, W. et al. Growth Trajectories of Peer Norms, Self-efficacy and Condom Use Behavior Among Sexually Active Chinese Men Who Have Sex with Men: Latent Class Analysis and Growth Mixture Modeling. AIDS Behav 24, 854–865 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10461-019-02515-7

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