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Seal types of water-entry cavities generated by the impact of spheres with decreasing Bond number

随着邦德数减小球体入水空泡闭合类型的探究

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Abstract

The evolution of water-entry cavities gives rise to interesting dynamic phenomena that occur in nature and engineering fields. The evolution and seal types of the cavities remain unsettled at Bo less than 10−2 since it is difficult to propel a small sphere to impact a water surface at high speed. In the present study, an experiment based on the laserdriven principle is conducted to accelerate a small sphere to hundreds m/s. The types of cavity seal are classified as quasi-static, shallow seal, deep seal, and surface seal within a Bo range of 1–7.57×10−2. The transition mechanism from a shallow seal to a deep seal is investigated by analyzing the cross-sectional characteristics of cavity necks. With a further decrease in Bo (5.69×10−2–8.41×10−3), the shallow seal is changed directly to a surface seal since the pinch-off time of the cross section at the cavity neck decreases with Bo, and hence, the deep seal disappears. Finally, a parameter study is conducted by varying We and Bo in the air cavity. Two boundaries are obtained: We ≈ 64 for the transition between quasi-static and shallow seals and We ≈ 326 for the transition between shallow seals and surface seals.

摘要

入水空泡的演化在自然界和工程领域中出现了有趣的动态现象. 由于很难推动一个小球高速撞击水面, 因此空泡的演化和闭合类型在Bo小于10−2时仍未得到解决. 在本研究中, 进行了一个基于激光驱动原理的实验, 可将小球体加速到数百米每秒. 在1~7.57×10−2的Bo范围内, 空泡闭合类型可分为准静态、浅闭合、深闭合和表面闭合. 通过分析空泡颈部的横截面特征, 研究了从浅闭合到深闭合的过渡机制. 随着Bo值的进一步降低(5.69×10−2~8.41×10−3), 浅闭合直接转变为表面闭合, 因为颈部横截面的夹断时间随着Bo值的降低而降低, 因此, 深闭合消失了. 最后, 通过改变We和Bo进行参数研究, 得到了两个边界. We≈64是准静态和浅闭合之间的过渡, We≈326是浅闭合和表面闭合之间的过渡.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 12293000, 12293003, 12293004, 12122214, and 12272382), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. 2022019).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Solid Coupling Systems, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China

    Yuxue Zhong  (钟玉雪), Yan Du  (杜岩), Rundi Qiu  (丘润荻), Zhijian Xiao  (肖志坚), Jian Huang  (黄荐), Zhiying Wang  (王志英), Jingzhu Wang  (王静竹) & Yiwei Wang  (王一伟)

  2. School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Yuxue Zhong  (钟玉雪), Yan Du  (杜岩), Zhijian Xiao  (肖志坚), Jian Huang  (黄荐), Jingzhu Wang  (王静竹) & Yiwei Wang  (王一伟)

  3. School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China

    Rundi Qiu  (丘润荻) & Yiwei Wang  (王一伟)

Authors
  1. Yuxue Zhong  (钟玉雪)
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  2. Yan Du  (杜岩)
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  3. Rundi Qiu  (丘润荻)
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  4. Zhijian Xiao  (肖志坚)
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  5. Jian Huang  (黄荐)
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  6. Zhiying Wang  (王志英)
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  7. Jingzhu Wang  (王静竹)
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  8. Yiwei Wang  (王一伟)
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Contributions

Wang Yiwei raised the question and proposed the overall research objective. Wang Jingzhu proposed the overall research method and set up the experiment set-up. Zhong Yuxue and Du Yan conducted an experimental study. Qiu Rundi processed the experiment data and conducted analysis. Zhong Yuxue and Wang Zhiying wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Huang Jian and Xiao Zhijian revised and edited the final version.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jingzhu Wang  (王静竹).

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Zhong, Y., Du, Y., Qiu, R. et al. Seal types of water-entry cavities generated by the impact of spheres with decreasing Bond number. Acta Mech. Sin. 39, 322482 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-023-22482-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-023-22482-x

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