Abstract
Purpose
Our study aimed to identify ultrasound characteristics of benign thyroid degenerative nodules and reveal the correlation between their sizes and 2017 ACR Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) categories.
Methods
A total of 174 thyroid degenerative nodules were divided into three groups: 0.5–1 cm group (70 nodules), 1–2 cm group (27 nodules), and > 2 cm group (77 nodules). The ultrasound appearance of each nodule was evaluated, and the ACR TI-RADS scores and levels of the nodules were also calculated and compared among the three groups.
Results
The ultrasound appearance of degenerative nodules of different sizes is diversified, and the 0.5–1 cm group tended to have more malignant features and higher TI-RADS scores and categories. The scatterplot of Spearman correlation showed a significant negative correlation between the nodule sizes and TI-RADS categories.
Conclusion
The 2017 ACR TI-RADS, which recommends fine-needle aspiration according to the nodule size and category, is still useful in managing these nodules, and following the clinical recommendations of ACR TI-RADS is necessary.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bhatia P, Deniwar A, Mohamed HE, et al. Vanishing tumors of thyroid: histological variations after fine needle aspiration. Gland Surg. 2016;5:270–7.
Lacout A, Isaac S, Marcy PY. Micro-medullary thyroid carcinoma: a diagnosis not to be missed. Postgrad Med J. 2015;91:236–7.
Ha EJ, Baek JH, Lee JH, et al. Sonographically suspicious thyroid nodules with initially benign cytologic results: the role of a core needle biopsy. Thyroid. 2013;23:703–8.
Lee HY, Baek JH, Ha EJ, et al. Malignant-looking thyroid nodules with size reduction: core needle biopsy results. Ultrasonography. 2016;35:327–34.
Lacout A, Chevenet C, Marcy PY. Suspicious thyroid nodule management with nondiagnostic results at cytologic examination: how to diagnosis mummified benign thyroid nodules. Radiology. 2015;277:303–4.
Lacout A, Chevenet C, Marcy PY. Mummified thyroid syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2016;206:837–45.
Ko MS, Jeong KS, Shong YK, Gong GY, Baek JH, Lee JH. Collapsing benign cystic nodules of the thyroid gland: sonographic differentiation from papillary thyroid carcinoma. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2012;33:124–7.
LiVolsi VA, Merino MJ. Worrisome histologic alterations following fine-needle aspiration of the thyroid (WHAFFT). Pathol Annu. 1994;29:99–120.
Chung SR, Baek JH, Park HS, et al. Ultrasound-pathology discordant nodules on core-needle biopsy: malignancy risk and management strategy. Thyroid. 2017;27:707–13.
Ha EJ, Baek JH, Lee JH, et al. A focal marked hypoechogenicity within an isoechoic thyroid nodule: is it a focal malignancy or not. Acta Radiol. 2015;56:814–9.
Jung SL, Jung CK, Kim SH, et al. Histopathologic findings related to the indeterminate or inadequate results of fine-needle aspiration biopsy and correlation with ultrasonographic findings in papillary thyroid carcinomas. Korean J Radiol. 2010;11:141–8.
Koo JH, Shin JH, Han BK, Ko EY, Kang SS. Cystic thyroid nodules after aspiration mimicking malignancy: sonographic characteristics. J Ultrasound Med. 2010;29:1415–21.
Moon HJ, Kim EK, Kwak JY. Malignancy risk stratification in thyroid nodules with benign results on cytology: combination of thyroid imaging reporting and data system and Bethesda system. Ann Surg Oncol. 2014;21:1898–903.
Ren J, Baek JH, Chung SR, Choi YJ, Jung CK, Lee JH. Degenerating thyroid nodules: ultrasound diagnosis, clinical significance, and management. Korean J Radiol. 2019;20:947–55.
Tessler FN, Middleton WD, Grant EG, et al. ACR thyroid imaging, reporting and data system (TI-RADS): White Paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017;14:587–95.
Klinck GH, Winship T. Psammoma bodies and thyroid cancer. Cancer. 1959;12:656–62.
Meissner WA, Adler A. Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid; a study of the pathology of two hundred twenty-six cases. AMA Arch Pathol. 1958;66:518–25.
Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31971169), National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFC0116000) and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation (7182180).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
Yan Yan, Fan Zhang, Huiyu Ge, Liying Miao, Lulu Zhang, Ying Xiong, Qiang Fu, and Hao Liu declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
Ethical statements
This study was approved by the institutional review board, who waived the requirement for informed consent because of the retrospective nature of this study.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
About this article
Cite this article
Yan, Y., Zhang, F., Ge, H. et al. Effect of the size of benign thyroid degenerative nodules on ACR TI-RADS categories. J Med Ultrasonics 49, 71–76 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10396-021-01163-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10396-021-01163-6