Abstract
Aim
The aim of this study was to assess the risk factors of preeclampsia among mothers at Al-Sbeen Hospital in Sana’a City, Yemen.
Subjects and methods
A hospital-based case control study was carried out at Al-Sbeen Hospital in Sana’a City. The total sample size was 206 and divided into 103 cases and 103 controls. Data were collected from 2014 to 2016. A designed chart was used to collect data from the medical files.
Results
Young and advanced mother’s age, living in rural areas, prior preeclampsia, prior hypertension, prior anemia, multiple pregnancy, gestational age, family history of preeclampsia, history of previous abortion and cesarean, and induction modes of delivery were determinant factors of preeclampsia (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The determinants of preeclampsia in this study can be prevented by health education, increased awareness of the community and encouraging women to attend health services. Changing these factors can decrease preeclampsia related to maternal factors.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aghamohammadi A (2011) P52. Age and parity as a risk factor for preeclampsia. Pregnancy hypertension. An Int J of Women's Cardiovascular Health 1(3):298. http://www.pregnancyhypertension.org/article/S2210-7789(11)00154-1/fulltext Accessed 18 November 2016
Agrawal S, Walia GK (2010) Prevalence and risk factors for pre-eclampsia in Indian women: a national cross sectional study. South Asia network for chronic disease. Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi. http://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1370588 Accessed 17 September 2016
Ali AA, Rayis DA, Abdallah TM, Elbashir MI, Adam I (2011) Severe anaemia is associated with a higher risk for preeclampsia and poor perinatal outcomes in Kassala Hospital, eastern Sudan. BMC research notes 4(1):311. http://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-0500-4-311 Accessed 12 July 2016
Al-Rukeimi AA, Al-Haddad A, Adam I (2014) Risk factors for pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, and associated adverse outcomes in Hajjah, Yemen. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 127:91–92. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25087178 Accessed 26 January 2017
American College for Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (2014) Women Health Care Physicians. Preeclampsia and High Blood Pressure in Pregnancy: Frequently asked questions FAQ034 Pregnancy (Google homepage). c2014 (updated 2014 September). http://www.acog.org/~/media/For%20Patients/faq034.pdf. Accessed 21 October 2016
Andrews L (2014) Maternal outcome in relation to biochemical parameters in hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) 1(13):18–22. http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jdms/papers/Vol13-issue2/Version-2/E013221822.pdf. Accessed 4 May 2016
Bartsch E, Medcalf KE, Park AL, Ray JG (2016) Clinical risk factors for pre-eclampsia determined in early pregnancy: systematic review and meta-analysis of large cohort studies. BMJ 353:i1753. http://www.bmj.com/content/353/bmj.i1753.full. Accessed 3 March 2017
Basso O, Olsen J (2001) Sex ratio and twinning in women with hyperemesis or pre-eclampsia. Epidemiology 12(6):747–749. http://journals.lww.com/epidem/Abstract/2001/11000/Sex_Ratio_and_Twinning_in_Women_With_Hyperemesis.26.aspx. Accessed 15 April 2016
Chappell LC, Milne F, Shennan A (2015) Is early induction or expectant management more beneficial in women with late preterm pre-eclampsia? BMJ 350:h191. http://www.bmj.com/content/350/bmj.h191.short Accessed 11 August 2016
Kashanian M, Baradaran HR, Bahasadri S, Alimohammadi R (2011) Risk factors for pre-eclampsia: a study in Tehran, Iran. Arch Iran Med 14(6):412. http://search.proquest.com/openview/dd227269e7fc7f574862ab32dd45f25a/1?pq-origsite=gscholar Accessed 11 August 2016
Khorshidi M, Nooshirvanpour P, Najafi S (2013) Incidence of low birth weight in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Oman Med J 28(1):39–41. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23386944 Accessed 23 September 2016
Kumar SG, Unnikrishnan B, Nagaraj K, Jayaram S (2010) Determinants of pre-eclampsia: a case-control study in a district Hospital in South India. Indian J Community Med 35(4):502. http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3026129/ Accessed 15 December 2015
Lamminpää R, Vehviläinen-Julkunen K, Gissler M, Heinonen S (2012) Preeclampsia complicated by advanced maternal age: a registry-based study on primiparous women in Finland 1997–2008. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 12(1):1 http://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2393-12-47. Accessed 17 July 2016
Lecarpentier E, Tsatsaris V, Goffinet F, Cabrol D, Sibai B, Haddad B (2013) Risk factors of superimposed preeclampsia in women with essential chronic hypertension treated before pregnancy. PLoS One 8(5):e62140 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0062140. Accessed 13 February 2017
Lim KH, Ramus RM (2016) Preeclampsia. Medscape Updated: Sep 15:2016 (Google homepage) Accessed 14 December 2016 http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1476919-overview
Mostello D, Kallogjeri D, Tungsiripat R, Leet T (2008) Recurrence of preeclampsia: effects of gestational age at delivery of the first pregnancy, body mass index, paternity, and interval between births. Am J Obstet Gynecol 199(1):55–e1 http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(07)02240-5/abstract. Accessed 5 January 2017
North RA, McCowan LM, Dekker GA, Poston L, Chan EH, Stewart AW, Black MA, Taylor RS, Walker JJ, Baker PN, Kenny LC (2011) Clinical risk prediction for pre-eclampsia in nulliparous women: development of model in international prospective cohort. BMJ 342:d1875. http://www.bmj.com/content/342/bmj.d1875.long Accessed 12 January 2017
Roberts CL, Ford JB, Algert CS, Antonsen S, Chalmers J, Cnattingius S, Gokhale M, Kotelchuck M, Melve KK, Langridge A, Morris C (2011) Population-based trends in pregnancy hypertension and pre-eclampsia: an international comparative study. BMJ Open 1(1):e000101. http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/1/1/e000101.short Accessed 12 January 2017
Shamsi U, Hatcher J, Shamsi A, Zuberi N, Qadri Z, Saleem S (2010) A multicentre matched case control study of risk factors for preeclampsia in healthy women in Pakistan. BMC Womens Health 10(1):1. http://bmcwomenshealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6874-10-14. Accessed 12 December 2016
Shetty M, Shetty PK, Ramesh A, Thomas B, Prabhu S, Rao A (2010) Periodontal disease in pregnancy is a risk factor for preeclampsia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 89(5):718–721. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/41668500_Periodontal_disease_in_pregnancy_is_a_risk_factor_for_preeclampsia Accessed 30 October 2016
Silva LM, Coolman M, Steegers EA, Jaddoe VW, Moll HA, Hofman A, Mackenbach JP, Raat H (2008) Low socioeconomic status is a risk factor for preeclampsia: the generation R study. J Hypertens 26(6):1200–1208. http://journals.lww.com/jhypertension/Abstract/2008/06000/Low_socioeconomic_status_is_a_risk_factor_for.20.aspx Accessed 13 May 2016
Taylor RN, Roberts JM, Cunningham FG, Lindheimer MD (2014) Chesley's Hypertensive Disorders in Pregnancy (Third Edition). Chapter 4 – Genetic Factors in the Etiology of Preeclampsia/Eclampsia, Pages 1–71. doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-374213-1.00004-5. Accessed 11 September 2016
Tessema GA, Tekeste A, Ayele TA (2015) Preeclampsia and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Dessie referral hospital, Northeast Ethiopia: a hospital-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 15(1):1. https://bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12884-015-0502-7 Accessed 26 September 2016
Xiong X, Fraser WD, Demianczuk NN (2002) History of abortion, preterm, term birth, and risk of preeclampsia: a population-based study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 187(4):1013–1018. http://www.ajog.org/article/S0002-9378(02)00289-2/abstract Accessed 15 October 2016
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge and thank the hospital administration and all data collectors and workers in the statistics department at Al-Sbeen Maternal and Child Hospital.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
None declared.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Al-Tairi, A.N.Q., Isa, Z.M. & Ghazi, H.F. Risk factors of preeclampsia: a case control study among mothers in Sana’a, Yemen. J Public Health 25, 573–580 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-017-0825-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-017-0825-0