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Evaluation of 10 Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes for Development of Cultivars Suitable for Short-Term Waterlogged Conditions

Bewertung von 10 Auberginen-Genotypen (Solanum melongena L.) für die Entwicklung von Sorten, die für kurzzeitige Staunässe geeignet sind

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Abstract

Eggplant is an important vegetable in South Asia. In Bangladesh, it is grown around the year in all parts of the country. However, it is highly sensitive to waterlogged conditions. In Bangladesh, during the monsoon, waterlogged conditions represent one of the hostile abiotic stresses that affect the growth and development of eggplant, leading to a drastically reduced yield. Considering this burning issue, the current study aimed to identify waterlogging-tolerant eggplant cultivars suitable for growing in the summer season. In this context, a factorial field experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design. The treatments consisted of factor A, waterlogged levels: (i) I0: no waterlogging (control; normal irrigation and drainage); (ii) I1: waterlogging for 48 h maintained by 25 mm constant standing water depth; (iii) I2: waterlogging for 96 h maintained by 25 mm constant standing water depth; and factor B, eggplants (including existing varieties and advance lines): V1: BARI Begun‑8, V2: BARI Begun-10, V3: BARI Hybrid Begun‑4, V4: BARI Hybrid Begun‑5, V5: BARI Hybrid Begun‑6, V6: BARI Adv. Line-SM216, V7: BARI Adv. Line-SM233, V8: BARI Adv. Line-SM253B, V9: BARI Adv. Line-SM275, and V10: BARI Adv. Line-SM286B. The results revealed that the eggplant varieties were sensitive to waterlogging levels, particularly at the flowering/fruiting stage (46 days after planting, DAP). Among the varieties, V5 (BARI Hybrid Begun-6) performed better than the other varieties and lines. The variety V5 had significantly lower damage (20%) and greater survival (80%) ability under 48 h of waterlogging (I1) at 65 DAP and 80 DAP, while the others were observed to have significantly greater damage and lower survival ability. The variety V5 also showed significantly greater root biomass under 48 h (I1) and 96 h (I2) of waterlogging at 70 DAP, while the other varieties and lines showed significantly lower root biomass. The effect of waterlogging on SPAD value and root biomass was significantly different among the treatments. It was observed that no varieties and lines survived at 80 DAP under 96 h of waterlogging (I2). The identified waterlogging-tolerant eggplant BARI Hybrid Begun‑6 will be helpful for increasing the area and production of eggplant in the summer season.

Zusammenfassung

Die Aubergine ist eine wichtige Gemüsesorte in Südasien. In Bangladesch wird sie das ganze Jahr über in allen Teilen des Landes angebaut. Sie ist jedoch sehr empfindlich gegenüber Staunässe. In Bangladesch ist Staunässe während des Monsuns einer der schädlichsten abiotischen Stressfaktoren, die das Wachstum und die Entwicklung der Aubergine beeinträchtigen und zu einem drastischen Rückgang des Auberginenertrags führen. In Anbetracht dieser Problematik zielte die aktuelle Studie darauf ab, Auberginensorten zu identifizieren, die gegenüber Staunässe tolerant sind und sich für den Anbau in der Sommersaison eignen. In diesem Zusammenhang wurde ein faktorieller Feldversuch in einem randomisierten vollständigen Blockdesign durchgeführt. Die Behandlungen bestanden aus dem Faktor A (Staunässe): (i) I0: keine Staunässe (Kontrolle: normale Be- und Entwässerung), (ii) I1: Staunässe für 48 h bei 25 mm konstanter stehender Wassertiefe, (iii) I2: Staunässe für 96 h bei 25 mm konstanter stehender Wassertiefe und Faktor B: Auberginen (einschließlich bestehender Sorten und weiterentwickelter Linien): V1: BARI Begun‑8, V2: BARI Begun-10, V3: BARI Hybrid Begun‑4, V4: BARI Hybrid Begun‑5, V5: BARI Hybrid Begun‑6, V6: BARI Adv. Linie-SM216, V7: BARI Adv. Linie-SM233, V8: BARI Adv. Linie-SM253B, V9: BARI Adv. Linie-SM275, V10: BARI Adv. Linie-SM286B. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Auberginen empfindlich auf Staunässe reagierten, insbesondere im Blüte‑/Fruchtstadium (46 Tage nach der Pflanzung, „days after planting“, DAP). Unter den Sorten schnitt V5 (BARI Hybrid Begun-6) besser ab als die anderen Sorten und Linien. Die Sorte V5 wies signifikant geringere Schäden (20 %) und eine höhere Überlebensfähigkeit (80 %) unter 48 h Staunässe (I1) bei 65 DAP und 80 DAP auf, während bei den anderen Sorten signifikant höhere Schäden und eine geringere Überlebensfähigkeit beobachtet wurden. Die Sorte V5 zeigte auch eine signifikant größere Wurzelbiomasse bei 48 h (I1) und 96 h (I2) Staunässe bei 70 DAP, während die anderen Sorten und Linien eine signifikant geringere Wurzelbiomasse aufwiesen. Die Auswirkungen von Staunässe auf den Wert im SPAD-Chlorophyll-Messgerät und die Wurzelbiomasse waren bei den verschiedenen Behandlungen signifikant unterschiedlich. Es wurde festgestellt, dass alle Sorten und Linien bei 80 DAP unter 96 h Staunässe nicht überlebten (I2). Die identifizierte staunässetolerante Aubergine BARI Hybrid Begun‑6 wird hilfreich dabei sein, die Nutzfläche und die Produktion von Auberginen in der Sommersaison zu erhöhen.

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Acknowledgements

The study is based on the research project of the Soil and Water Management Section, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, funded by the Capacity Utilization Programme under Special Allocation for Science and Technology (BS-130), Ministry of Science and Technology, Dhaka. The first author would like to acknowledge the HRC, BARI, Gazipur, and Ministry of Science and Technology, Dhaka, for providing all facilities and sharing knowledge to identify the waterlogged eggplant variety for cultivating the waterlogging-stress-prone areas of Bangladesh. The authors also extend their appreciation to Taif University for supporting current work by Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP—2020/39), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

The study was funded by the research project of Soil and Water Management Section, Horticulture Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, funded by Capacity Utilization Programme under Special Allocation for Science and Technology (BS-130), Ministry of Science and Technology, Dhaka. The current work was also partially funded by Taif University Researchers Supporting Project number (TURSP—2020/39), Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia.

Data Availability

Data used in the article will be made available upon request to the corresponding author.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil and Water management Section, Horticulture Research Centre (HRC), Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Gazipur, Bangladesh

    Khokan Kumer Sarker, Ataur Rahman & Abdul Quddus

  2. Vegetable Division, HRC, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

    A. K. M. Quamruzzaman & Mohammad Nazim Uddin

  3. Irrigation and Water management Division, BARI, Gazipur, Bangladesh

    Sujit Kumar Biswas

  4. Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Ahmed Gaber

  5. Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute, 5200, Dinajpur, Bangladesh

    Akbar Hossain

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  1. Khokan Kumer Sarker
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Contributions

Conceptualization: KKS, AKM, MNU, MAR, MAQ, and SKB; methodology and visualization: KKS, AKM, MNU, MAR, MAQ, and SKB; software: AH and KKS; validation: KKS, AKM, MNU, MAR, MAQ, and SKB; formal analysis: KKS and AH; investigation, KKS, AKM, MNU, MAR, MAQ, and and SKB; resources, AKMQ and MAR; data curation: KKS and AH; writing—original draft preparation: KKS, AKM, MNU, MAR, MAQ, and SKB; writing—review and editing: AH and AG; visualization: KKS, AKM, MNU, MAR, MAQ, and SKB; supervision and project administration: MAR; funding acquisition: AG and AH. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Akbar Hossain.

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Conflict of interest

K.K. Sarker, A.K.M. Quamruzzaman, M.N. Uddin, M.A. Rahman, M.A. Quddus, S.K. Biswas, A. Gaber, and A. Hossain declare that they have no competing interests.

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We hereby declare that this manuscript contains no material which has been accepted for the award of any degree or diploma in any university, and that, to the best of our knowledge and belief, the manuscript contains no copy of any material previously published or written by another person except where due reference is made in the text. All authors in the manuscript have approved the submission to the journal.

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Sarker, K.K., Quamruzzaman, A.K.M., Uddin, M.N. et al. Evaluation of 10 Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Genotypes for Development of Cultivars Suitable for Short-Term Waterlogged Conditions. Gesunde Pflanzen 75, 179–192 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10343-022-00688-1

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