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Biochemical mechanisms of acaricidal activity of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and ethyl oleate against the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus

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Abstract

Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) is one of the most economically important and highly polyphagous herbivorous pests in fields and greenhouses worldwide. We previously reported that 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (DTBP) and ethyl oleate (EO) showed significantly acaricidal, repellent and oviposition deterrent properties against T. cinnabarinus via an unknown mechanism. In this study, the acaricidal activities of DTBP and EO and their biochemical mechanisms in controlling T. cinnabarinus were investigated at different time points by assessing the associated changes in toxic symptoms, potential target-related enzyme activities and seven neurotransmitters belonging to the biogenic amines (BAs). The results showed that the median lethal times (LT50) for DTBP and EO were 8 and 15 h after treatment, respectively. Using dynamic symptomatology observations, typical neurotoxic symptoms including excitation, convulsion and paralysis were observed in the mites treated with DTBP and EO. Furthermore, the two compounds exerted significant inhibitory activity on monoamine oxidase (MAO) in adult T. cinnabarinus females in vitro and in vivo and had little effect on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. The content levels of the seven BAs analyzed by UPLC-3QMS were higher in the mites treated with DTBP and EO than in the controls, except for phenethylamine (PEA) (for DTBP and EO) and octopamine (OA) (for EO). These results demonstrate that both DTBP and EO exert effects on T. cinnabarinus that are possibly consequences of their preventive effects on the deamination of BAs in the nervous system, most likely through inhibitory effects on MAO or MAO-like enzymes and/or interactions with certain special biogenic amine G protein-coupled receptors.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to Liu Zhicheng (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), Li Yanbo (Shanghai Research and Development Center for Pesticides) for their assistance and advice. We also thank all of the members of the Plant Health and Natural Products Laboratory of Shanghai Jiao Tong University for their advice, assistance, and technical help.

Funding

This study was funded by the Key Tracking Program in Science and Technologies, Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (12391901600), and by the Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (No. B209).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Plant Health and Natural Products Lab, Key Lab of Urban Agriculture (South), Ministry of Agriculture, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Yijuan Chen & Guanghui Dai

  2. CRIOBE USR 3278, Centre de Phytopharmacie, Université de Perpignan, 52 av. Paul Alduy, 66860, Perpignan Cedex, France

    Cédric Bertrand

  3. Instrumental Analysis Center of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, People’s Republic of China

    Jiaojian Yuan

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  1. Yijuan Chen
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  2. Cédric Bertrand
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  3. Guanghui Dai
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Correspondence to Guanghui Dai.

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Communicated by M.B. Isman.

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Chen, Y., Bertrand, C., Dai, G. et al. Biochemical mechanisms of acaricidal activity of 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol and ethyl oleate against the carmine spider mite Tetranychus cinnabarinus . J Pest Sci 91, 405–419 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-017-0847-y

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