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Distribution of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) in central California and their phenological development

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Abstract

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) hairy fleabane was first documented in California in 2007. A preliminary study comparing plants from this population to a glyphosate-susceptible (GS) population determined that they developed more rapidly than the GS plants. However, it was not known if this was a general characteristic of all GR populations. Therefore, seeds of hairy fleabane were collected from 122 locations in central California. Plants from each location were grown and tested for resistance using a shikimate enzyme assay. Seeds from 90 locations germinated of which 27 % were determined as GR, 21 % as GS, and 52 % as intermediate/mixed. Plants from five GR and five GS populations, as determined by the assay, were randomly selected for comparisons and were grown in 2010/2011. Time taken by each plant to reach key phenological stages was recorded and converted into growing degree day (GDD) using a base temperature of 4.2 °C. The biomass of each plant was recorded at seed set. The five GR and GS plants had similar phenological development rates and biomass. Therefore, the differences previously identified between the two populations were not present in the additionally tested populations. The phenological development was hence described by a common GDD model with the plants requiring 374, 711, 970, 1289, and 1551 GDD, to reach the rosette, bolting, first bud, first flower, and first seed stages, respectively. This study shows widespread distribution of GR hairy fleabane in central California, provides useful information on biology of this weed for management, and suggests possible label changes to herbicide manufacturers.

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Acknowledgments

The assistance of California State University (CSU), Fresno students Jeffrey Gallagher and Lorin Zozaya is gratefully acknowledged. Partial funding for this work was provided by CSU-ARI Seed Grant Award No. 09-10-011 and USDA-NIFA-AFRI Award No. 2010-85320-20415.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plant Science, California State University, 2415 E. San Ramon Ave, Fresno, CA, 93740, USA

    Anil Shrestha & Katrina M. Steinhauer

  2. Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

    Marcelo L. Moretti, Bradley D. Hanson & Marie Jasieniuk

  3. University of California Cooperative Extension, 1720 S. Maple Ave, Fresno, CA, 93702, USA

    Kurt J. Hembree

  4. University of California Cooperative Extension, 4437B S. Laspina St, Tulare, CA, 93274, USA

    Steven D. Wright

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  1. Anil Shrestha
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  2. Katrina M. Steinhauer
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  3. Marcelo L. Moretti
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  4. Bradley D. Hanson
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  5. Marie Jasieniuk
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  6. Kurt J. Hembree
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  7. Steven D. Wright
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Correspondence to Anil Shrestha.

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Communicated by M. Traugott

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Shrestha, A., Steinhauer, K.M., Moretti, M.L. et al. Distribution of glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-susceptible hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) in central California and their phenological development. J Pest Sci 87, 201–209 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-013-0524-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10340-013-0524-8

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