Techniques of lipid extraction from microalgae for biofuel production: a review

Lee, Sze Ying; Khoiroh, Ianatul; Vo, Dai-Viet N.; Senthil Kumar, P.; Show, Pau Loke

doi:10.1007/s10311-020-01088-5

Techniques of lipid extraction from microalgae for biofuel production: a review

Review
Published: 07 September 2020

Volume 19, pages 231–251, (2021)
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Environmental Chemistry Letters Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Sze Ying Lee ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-5864-7964¹,
Ianatul Khoiroh²,
Dai-Viet N. Vo³,
P. Senthil Kumar⁴ &
…
Pau Loke Show²

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Abstract

Microalgae are feedstocks for production of carbon-neutral biofuels. Efforts have been performed to market microalgae biofuels, yet the production of microalgae biofuel remains a challenge due to the high production cost and low product yield. In particular, lipid extraction is a critical step to be optimized. Here, we review lipid extraction technologies and cell lysis strategies. Extraction techniques involve solvents such as organic solvents, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and switchable solvents. Advantages and shortcomings of solvents are discussed. Besides, strategies have been designed to reduce power costs by integration of unit operations in downstream processing. We present single-step processes for simultaneous cell lysis and lipid extraction, such as ultrasound-, microwave-, bead-beating-, surfactant- and pulsed electric field-assisted extractions. The lipid extraction yield is enhanced by incorporating cell disruption into the lipid extraction process.

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Different Cell Disruption and Lipid Extraction Methods from Microalgae for Biodiesel Production

Lipid Extraction Methods from Wet Microalgal Biomass

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Environmental Chemistry

Abbreviations

ASE:: Accelerated solvent extraction
DBU:: 1,8-Diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene
DES:: Deep eutectic solvents
IEA:: International Energy Agency
IL:: Ionic liquids
FAMEs:: Fatty acid methyl esters
NADES:: Natural deep eutectic solvents
PEF:: Pulsed electric field
SC-CO₂ :: Supercritical carbon dioxide
SFE:: Supercritical fluid extraction
SPS:: Switchable polarity solvents
SHS:: Switchable hydrophilicity solvents
[Amim]⁺ :: 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium cation
[BF₄]⁻ :: Tetrafluoroborate anion
[CH₃SO₃]⁻ :: Methanesulfonate anion
[C₂mim]⁺ :: 1-Ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium cation
[C₄mim]⁺ :: 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium cation
[CF₃SO₃]⁻ :: Trifluoromethanesulfonate anion
[DEP]⁻ :: Diethylphosphate anion
[EtSO₄]⁻ :: Ethyl sulfate anion
[HSO₄]⁻ :: Hydrogen sulfate anion
[MeSO₄]⁻ :: Methyl sulfate anion
[OAc]⁻ :: Acetate anion
[PF₆]⁻ :: Hexafluorophosphate anion
[SCN]⁻ :: Thiocyanate anion
[Tf₂N]⁻ :: Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion

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The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) research grant (Grant No. IPSR/RMC/UTARRF/2019-C1/L05).

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Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long Campus, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
Sze Ying Lee
Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
Ianatul Khoiroh & Pau Loke Show
Center of Excellence for Green Energy and Environmental Nanomaterials (CE@GrEEN), Nguyen Tat Thanh University, 300A Nguyen Tat Thanh, District 4, Ho Chi Minh City, 755414, Vietnam
Dai-Viet N. Vo
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603 110, India
P. Senthil Kumar

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Lee, S.Y., Khoiroh, I., Vo, DV.N. et al. Techniques of lipid extraction from microalgae for biofuel production: a review. Environ Chem Lett 19, 231–251 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01088-5

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Received: 11 August 2020
Accepted: 27 August 2020
Published: 07 September 2020
Issue Date: February 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-020-01088-5

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