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Neue histopathologische Entitäten in der Epilepsiechirurgie

New histopathological entities in epilepsy surgery

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Zusammenfassung

In der wissenschaftlichen Literatur zur Epilepsiechirurgie werden erstaunlich oft neue Erkrankungsentitäten beschrieben. Die Autoren gehen der Frage nach, ob es für diesen Trend hinreichend Gründe gibt. Schließlich kann eine lange Epilepsieerkrankung im Gehirnparenchym sekundäre Schädigungsmuster induzieren. Derartige reaktive Muster können sowohl durch invasives Monitoring ausgelöst werden als auch der zeitlebens bestehenden strukturellen und molekularen Plastizität des ZNS geschuldet sein. Besonders interessant erscheinen uns in diesem Zusammenhang die jüngst beschriebenen Veränderungen der Oligodendrozyten im subkortikalen Marklager. Während ein Anfallsursprung praktisch nie im Marklager generiert wird und oligodendrogliale Veränderungen für die Epileptogenese daher wenig wahrscheinlich sind, könnten elektrische Erregungskreisläufe im epileptischen Netzwerk einen funktionellen Stimulus für die Oligodendrogliogenese darstellen. Diese auch im MRT sichtbaren Veränderungen werden daher als Surrogat für eine neue klinisch pathologische Entität diskutiert. Eine andere hier vorzustellende neu beschriebene Entität mit vorzugsweise oligodendroglialer Differenzierung rekrutiert sich aus dem Bereich der Neoplasien.

Abstract

The authors discuss the intriguing, although ambiguous observation of frequently reported new entities in the scientific literature addressing epilepsy surgery. One conceivable explanation for the broad spectrum of histological patterns is that of secondary reaction patterns of brain tissue due to prolonged epilepsy burden, with iatrogenic manipulation during invasive monitoring or molecular mechanisms of neuronal and/or glial plasticity as the most likely mechanisms; however, there is increasing awareness of oligodendroglial changes in the subcortical white matter, which deserves particular attention. Notwithstanding, the white matter has only a low ability to trigger seizures. On the other hand, the white matter harbors most of the epileptic networks and electrical stimulation has been shown to foster oligodendrogliogenesis in a rat animal model. Increased oligodendroglial cells in areas of epileptogenic activity can be detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and should therefore be considered as surrogate for a hitherto new clinicopathological entity. Another new entity with an oligodendroglial phenotype was recently described as new epilepsy-associated brain tumor.

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Correspondence to Roland Coras.

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J. Schurr und R. Coras geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Dieser Beitrag beinhaltet keine von den Autoren durchgeführten Studien an Menschen oder Tieren.

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Schurr, J., Coras, R. Neue histopathologische Entitäten in der Epilepsiechirurgie. Z. Epileptol. 30, 208–212 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-017-0120-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10309-017-0120-7

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