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Bedeutung des Mikrobioms für Adipositas und Glukosestoffwechsel

Role of the microbiome in obesity and glucose metabolism

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Gynäkologische Endokrinologie Aims and scope

Zusammenfassung

Metabolische Erkrankungen wie Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und Adipositas führen zu Veränderungen im mikrobiellen Ökosystem des Darms, sowohl auf kompositioneller als auch funktioneller Ebene. Nach über 10 Jahren intensiver Forschung scheint eine kausale Beteiligung der Mikrobiota an der Entstehung und Progression von Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 und Adipositas möglich, wobei die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen noch immer unklar sind. Vermutet wird, dass Mikroorganismen allein oder in Gemeinschaften (Dysbiose) den Insulin- und Glukosestoffwechsel, die Energieextraktion aus der Nahrung sowie die Barriere- und Immunfunktion des Darms beeinflussen. Auf dieser Grundlage werden derzeit mikrobielle Therapien wie Stuhltransplantationen bei metabolischen Erkrankungen erprobt. Allerdings ist die Studienlage noch lückenhaft und widersprüchlich, sodass es weiterer klinischer Validierung bedarf.

Abstract

Metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity are associated with compositional and functional changes in the intestinal microbiota. After more than 10 years of intense research, evidence is emerging for a causal role of the intestinal microbiota in initiation and progression of these adverse metabolic conditions. However, underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Presumably, microorganisms alone or in consortia (dysbiosis) regulate energy metabolism and insulin sensitivity, energy extraction from diet, and intestinal barrier and immune function. In this context, microbial treatment options including fecal microbiota transplantation are discussed for metabolic disease. Nevertheless, inconclusive and incomplete study results require further clinical and experimental validation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Lehrstuhl für Ernährung und Immunologie, Technische Universität München, Gregor-Mendel-Str. 2, 85354, Freising, Deutschland

    Miriam Ecker &  Dirk Haller

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  1. Miriam Ecker
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  2. Dirk Haller
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Correspondence to Dirk Haller.

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M. Ecker und D. Haller geben an, dass kein Interessenkonflikt besteht.

Für diesen Beitrag wurden von den Autoren keine Studien an Menschen oder Tieren durchgeführt. Für die aufgeführten Studien gelten die jeweils dort angegebenen ethischen Richtlinien.

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Herbert Fluhr, Graz

Christoph Keck, Hamburg

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Ecker, M., Haller, D. Bedeutung des Mikrobioms für Adipositas und Glukosestoffwechsel. Gynäkologische Endokrinologie 20, 230–235 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10304-022-00467-1

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