Skip to main content
Log in

Pattern reification as the basis for description-driven systems

  • Regular paper
  • Published:
Software & Systems Modeling Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the main factors driving object-oriented software development for information systems is the requirement for systems to be tolerant to change. To address this issue in designing systems, this paper proposes a pattern-based, object-oriented, description-driven system (DDS) architecture as an extension to the standard UML four-layer meta-model. A DDS architecture is proposed in which aspects of both static and dynamic systems behavior can be captured via descriptive models and meta-models. The proposed architecture embodies four main elements – firstly, the adoption of a multi-layered meta-modeling architecture and reflective meta-level architecture, secondly the identification of four data modeling relationships that can be made explicit such that they can be modified dynamically, thirdly the identification of five design patterns which have emerged from practice and have proved essential in providing reusable building blocks for data management, and fourthly the encoding of the structural properties of the five design patterns by means of one fundamental pattern, the Graph pattern. A practical example of this philosophy, the CRISTAL project, is used to demonstrate the use of description-driven data objects to handle system evolution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Rumbaugh, J., Blaha, M., Premerlani, W., Eddy, F., Lorensen, W.: Object-Oriented Modeling & Design. Prentice Hall 1991

  2. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) Specification. URL http://www.omg.org/technology/uml/

  3. pUML Initial Submission to OMG’s RFP for UML 2.0 Infrastructure. URL http://www.cs.york.ac.uk/puml/

  4. Clark, T., Evans, A., Kent, S.: “Engineering Modelling Languages: A Precise Meta-Modelling Approach”. Fundamental Approaches to Software Engineering, 5th International Conference, FASE 2002. Grenoble, France April 2002

  5. Gamma, E., Helm, R., Johnson, R., Vlissides, J.: “Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software”, Addison-Wesley 1995

  6. Klas, W., Schrefl, M.: “Metaclasses and their Application. Data Model Tailoring and Database Integration”. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 943. Springer 1995

  7. Crawley, S., Davis, S., Indulska, J., McBride, S., Raymond, K.: “Meta Information Management”. Proceedings of the Second IFIP International Conference on Formal Methods for Open Object-based Distributed Systems. Canterbury, United Kingdom July 1997

  8. Kovacs, Z.: “The Integration of Product Data with Workflow Management Systems”. PhD Thesis, University of West of England, Bristol, England April 1999

  9. Blaha, M., Premerlani, W.: “Object-Oriented Modeling and Design for Database Applications”. Prentice Hall 1998

  10. Kiczales, G.: “Meta-object Protocols: Why We Want Them and What Else Can They Do?”. Chapter in Object-Oriented Programming: The CLOS Perspective, MIT Press 1993, pp. 101–118

  11. Klas, W., Frankenhauser, P., Muth, P., Rakow. T.C., Neuhold, E.J.: “Database Integration using the Open Object-Oriented Database System VODAK”. In: Bukhres, O., Elmagarmid, A. (eds.) Object Oriented Multidatabase Systems: A Solution for Advanced Applications, Chapter 14. Prentice Hall 1995

  12. Paton, N.: “ADAM: An Object-Oriented Database System Implemented in Prolog”. In: Williams, M.H. (ed.) Proceedings of the 7th British National Conference On Databases (BNCOD). Cambridge University Press 1989

  13. The Object Model (OM) and the Object Model System (OMS). URL http://www.globis.ethz.ch/research/oms/

  14. Kovacs, Z.: “The Integration of Product Data with Workflow Management Systems”. PhD Thesis, University of West of England, Bristol, England April 1999

  15. McClatchey, R., Kovacs, Z., Estrella, F., Le Goff, J.-M., Chevenier, G., Baker, N., Lieunard, S., Murray, S., Le Flour, T, Bazan, A.: “The Integration of Product Data and Workflow Management Systems in a Large Scale Engineering Database Application”. Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Database Engineering and Applications Symposium. Cardiff, United Kingdom July 1998

  16. Estrella F., Kovacs, Z., Le Goff, J.-M., McClatchey, R., Zsenei, M.: “Handling Evolving Data Through the Use of a Description Driven Systems Architecture”. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1727. ISBN 3-540-66653-2 Springer-Verlag 1999, pp. 1–11

  17. Estrella F., Kovacs, Z., Le Goff, J.-M., McClatchey, R.: “Meta-objects as the Basis for System Evolution”. Proc of the Web Age Information Management (WAIM’2001) conference. Beijing China June 2001

  18. Demers, F., Malenfant, J.: “Reflection in Logic, Functional and Object-Oriented Programming: A Short Comparative Study”. Proceedings of the International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Workshop on Reflection and Meta-level Architectures and their Applications in AI. Montreal August 1995

  19. Woolf, B., Johnson, R.: “The Type Object Pattern”. In: Pattern Languages of Program Design 3, Addison-Wesley (1997). Originally presented at the Third Conference on Pattern Languages of Programs (PLoP) 1996

  20. Estrella, F.: “Objects, Patterns and Descriptions in Data Management”. PhD Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, England December 2000

  21. Blaha, M.: “Aggregation of Parts of Parts of Parts”. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming (JOOP) September 1993

  22. Odell, J.: “Six Kinds of Compositions”. Journal of Object-Oriented Programming (JOOP) January 1994

  23. Smith, J., Smith, D.: “Database Abstractions: Aggregation and Generalization”. ACM Transactions on Database Systems June 1997

  24. Blaha, M., Premerlani, W.: “Object-Oriented Modeling and Design for Database Applica-tions”. Prentice Hall 1998

  25. Bushmann, F., Meunier, R., Rohnert, H., Sommerlad, P., Stal, M.: “Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture: A System of Patterns”. John Wiley & Sons 1996

  26. The Object Management Group (OMG). URLhttp://www.omg.org

  27. The European Centre for Nuclear Research (CERN). URL http://cern.web.cern.ch/CERN

  28. CMS Technical Proposal. The CMS Collaboration (January 1995). Available from ftp://cmsdoc.cern.ch/TPref/TP.html

  29. The Meta-Object Facility (MOF) Specification. URLhttp://www.dstc.edu.au/Products/CORBA/MOF/

  30. Koch, C., Kovacs, Z., Le Goff, J.-M., McClatchey, R., Petta, P., Solomonides, A.: “Explicit Modeling of the Semantics of Large Multi-layered Object-Oriented Databases”. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1920. Springer-Verlag 2000, pp 52–65

  31. Foote, B., Yoder, J.: “Meta-data and Active Object-Models”. Proc. of the Int. Conference on Pattern Languages Of Programs. Monticello, Illinois, USA August 1998

  32. Yoder, J., Balaguer, F., Johnson, R.: “Architecture and Design of Adaptive Object-Models”. Proc of OOPSLA 2001, Intriguing Technology Talk. Tampa, Florida October 2001

  33. Yoder, J.W., Johnson, R.: “The Adaptive Object Model Architectural Style”. Published in The Proceeding of The Working IEEE/IFIP Conference on Software Architecture 2002 (WICSA3 ’02) at the World Computer Congress in Montreal 2002 August 2002

  34. Andrade, L.F., Fiadeiro, J.L.: “Coordination Technologies for Managing Information System Evolution”. CAiSE 2001, pp. 374–387

  35. Andrade, L.F., Fiadeiro, J.L., Gouveia, J., Lopes, A., Wermeldinger, M.: Patterns for Coordination. COORDINATION 2000, pp. 317–322

  36. Andrade, L.F., Fiadeiro, J.L., Gouveia, J., Lopes, A., Wermeldinger, M.: Coordination Patterns for Component-Based Systems. SBLP 2001 Brazilian Symposium on Programming Languages (invited talk)

  37. OMG Publications: “Model Driven Architectures – The Architecture of Choice for a Changing World”.See http://www.omg.org/mda/index.htm

  38. Reference Model for Open Distributed Processing RM-ODP. See http://www.dstc.edu.au/Research/Projects/ODP/ref_model.html

  39. Common Warehouse Metamodel & Meta-Object Facility. See http://www.omg.org/technology/cwm/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Jean-Marie Le Goff or Richard McClatchey .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Estrella , F., Kovacs , Z., Le Goff , JM. et al. Pattern reification as the basis for description-driven systems. Softw Syst Model 2, 108–119 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-003-0023-0

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-003-0023-0

Keywords

Navigation