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Effects of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulation on adhesion molecules in human gingival endothelial cells

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Abstract

Smoking is a risk factor for periodontitis, and the immune response of periodontal tissues in patients with periodontitis may be strongly affected by smoking. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the bioactivity and signal transduction of human gingival endothelial cells (HGECs) due to nicotinic stimulation using a cultured medium supplemented with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a model of periodontitis. HGECs were cultured in medium supplemented with LPS, nicotine, nicotine + LPS, and medium supplemented without nicotine or LPS (control). Cell proliferation was assessed using Alamar blue. Cytotoxicity was assessed by lactate dehydrogenase leakage. The expression of adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1, VCAM-1) was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunits (α3, α5, α7, β2 and β4) was evaluated by RT-PCR. The involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) and protein kinase C (PKC) cell signaling pathways in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 expression was investigated by RT-qPCR with specific inhibitors. HGECs stimulated with LPS, nicotine and nicotine + LPS showed inhibition of cell proliferation, increase of cell death, and increase of gene and protein expression of ICAM-1. Moreover, HGECs showed the presence of α5 and α7 nAChR subunits. The expression of ICAM-1 in HGECs stimulated with LPS, nicotine, and nicotine + LPS was significantly suppressed by p38MAPK inhibitor, but not by a PKC inhibitor. The nAChR subunits of HGECs are α5 and α7, and that HGECs stimulated with nicotine and LPS express ICAM-1 via p38MAPK pathway.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to express our appreciation to Hiroaki Katsuragi, Takao Morita, Akira Tanaka, and Koichi Shinkai for their constructive suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Field of Advanced Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, Periodontology, Course of Clinical Science, The Nippon Dental University Graduate School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, 1-8 Hamaura-cho, chou-ku, 951-8580, Niigata, Japan

    Yukari Sato & Soh Sato

  2. Department of Periodontology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan

    Kosuke Maruyama & Soh Sato

  3. Department of Microbiology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, Japan

    Masato Mikami

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  1. Yukari Sato
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by YS, KM and MM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by YS and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Yukari Sato.

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Sato, Y., Maruyama, K., Mikami, M. et al. Effects of nicotine and lipopolysaccharide stimulation on adhesion molecules in human gingival endothelial cells. Odontology 111, 428–438 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-022-00753-1

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