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Cellular oxidative stress in programmed cell death: focusing on chloroplastic 1O2 and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release

  • Current Topics in Plant Research
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Abstract

The programmed cell death (PCD) occurs when the targeted cells have fulfilled their task or under conditions as oxidative stress generated by ROS species. Thus, plants have to deal with the singlet oxygen 1O2 produced in chloroplasts. 1O2 is unlikely to act as a primary retrograde signal owing to its high reactivity and short half-life. In addition to its high toxicity, the 1O2 generated under an excess or low excitation energy might also act as a highly versatile signal triggering chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling (ChNRS) and nuclear reprogramming or cell death. Molecular and biochemical studies with the flu mutant, which accumulates protochlorophyllide in the dark, demonstrated that chloroplastic 1O2-driven EXECUTER-1 (EX1) and EX2 proteins are involved in the 1O2-dependent response. Both EX1 and EX2 are necessary for full suppression of 1O2-induced gene expression. That is, EXECUTER proteolysis via the ATP-dependent zinc protease (FtsH) is an integral part of 1O2-triggered retrograde signaling. The existence of at least two independent ChNRS involving EX1 and β-cyclocitral, and dihydroactinidiolide and OXI1, respectively, seem clear. Besides, this update also focuses on plant PCD and its relation with mitochondrial cytochrome-c (Cytc) release to cytosol. Changes in the dynamics and morphology of mitochondria were shown during the onset of cell death. The mitochondrial damage and translocation of Cytc may be one of the major causes of PCD triggering. Together, this current overview illustrates the complexity of the cellular response to oxidative stress development. A puzzle with the majority of its pieces still not placed.

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Abbreviations

Pchlide:

Protochlorophyllide

EX1:

Executer protein1

ChNRS:

Chloroplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling

OXI1:

Oxidative signal inducible-1

SORGs:

Singlete 1O2 responsible genes

PCD:

Programmed cell death

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

1O2 :

Singlet oxygen

flu :

fluorescent in blue light Mutant

SA:

Salycilic acid

EF:

Chloroplast elongation factor-G

SAFE1:

1O2-SAFEGUARD1

GST:

Glutathione S-Transferase

SIBI1:

Sigma factor-binding protein-1

CytC:

Cytochrome-c

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I apologize to the authors whose work was not cited, because of space limitations. I thank anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on the paper.

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  1. Departamento de Biología Funcional, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela (USC), Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain

    Angel J. Matilla

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Matilla, A.J. Cellular oxidative stress in programmed cell death: focusing on chloroplastic 1O2 and mitochondrial cytochrome-c release. J Plant Res 134, 179–194 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10265-021-01259-7

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