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Inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms in hospital waste using a microwave

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of dry sterilization by microwave in the inactivation of pathogenic bacteria in blood wastes. Eight bacteria strains were selected for this purpose and these are S. aureus, Salmonella sp., E. faecalis, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, Streptococcus Group B and Bacillus sp. Sterilization by microwave was carried out at 385, 450 and 700 watts for 1, 5 and 10 min, respectively. Isolation and enumeration of pathogenic bacteria before and after treatments were carried out using direct plate technique and inactivation was determined in terms of log reduction. Increasing the running time and power to 10 min and 700 watts did not increase log reduction of most of pathogenic bacteria especially of gram negative bacteria. Revival of pathogenic bacteria during the storage period might be aided by the presence of a low moisture content which helps bacterial cells to revive but not to reproduce or over-grow. It can be concluded that dry sterilization of blood wastes by microwave reduces the number and limited re-growth of these pathogenic bacteria during storage time, due to the lower moisture content in the blood wastes.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to give due thanks and appreciation to the Health Ministry of Malaysia, Clinical Research Center, Director of Hospital Pulau Pinang (Tn, Hj Ahmed Naser Bin Ismail), Faber Medi-Serve Sdn Bhd, and especially thanks to staff of the Microbiology Department, in Penang General Hospital, Malaysia, for their technical assistance, unceasing cooperation and support during the entire study period.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    Adel Ashur S. Banana, Mohd. Rafatullah & Mohd. Omar Ab Kadir

  2. School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia

    N. A. Nik Norulaini

  3. Department of Microbiology, Penang General Hospital, Jalan Residensi, 10990, Penang, Malaysia

    Jamilah Baharom

  4. Department of Pathology, Penang General Hospital, Jalan Residensi, 10990, Penang, Malaysia

    M. Y. Lailaatul Zuraida

Authors
  1. Adel Ashur S. Banana
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  2. N. A. Nik Norulaini
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  3. Jamilah Baharom
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  4. M. Y. Lailaatul Zuraida
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  5. Mohd. Rafatullah
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  6. Mohd. Omar Ab Kadir
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Correspondence to Mohd. Rafatullah or Mohd. Omar Ab Kadir.

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Banana, A.A.S., Nik Norulaini, N.A., Baharom, J. et al. Inactivation of pathogenic micro-organisms in hospital waste using a microwave. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 15, 393–403 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-013-0130-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-013-0130-0

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