Abstract
The microlayer or nanolayer coextrusion of hundreds or thousands of alternating low density polyethylene (LDPE)/polystyrene (PS) microlayers or nanolayers were used to study the orientation of LDPE crystals in the confined quasi-two-dimensional or two-dimensional space. The clear and continuous layer structures from microscale to nanoscale can be found in SEM images. The morphology evolution of LDPE crystals in the confined microlayer or nanolayer can be varied from 3D spherulites, 2D spherulites, stacked edge-on lamellar, to single edge-on lamellar. Due to the orientation of the LDPE crystals, the tensile strength of the films increases obviously when the layer thickness reduces to nanoscale. The 2D small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) patterns can reflect the average degree of orientation of LDPE in the confined layers. The stacking of LDPE lamellae is suppressed in interlamination and oppositely in parallel to the extrusion direction. The specific orientation function f can be calculated from the patterns. The infrared dichroism further confirms the mutation of the orientation of LDPE crystals from microscale to nanoscale in the confined space.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jin, Y., Rogunova, M., Hiltner, A., Baer, E., Nowacki, R., Galeski, A. and Piorkowska, E., J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 2004, 42(18): 3380
Liu, X.B., Zhao, Y.F., Fan, X.H. and Chen, E.Q., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2013, 31(6): 946
He, Y.N., Liu, X., Liao, Q., Zhou, J.J., Huo, H. and Li, L., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2014, 32(9): 1253
Yamauchi, Y., Suzuki, N., Radhakrishnan, L. and Wang, L., Chem. Rec., 2009, 9(6): 321
Chen, W., Li, X.Y., Liu, Y.P., Li, J., Zhou, W.M., Chen, L. and Li, L.B., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2015, 33(4): 613
Chai, L.G., Zhou, H.X., Sun, X.L., Lia, H.H., Yan, S.K. and Yang, X.Q., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2016, 34(4): 513
Ikeda, T., J. Mater. Chem., 2003, 13(9): 2037
Yazyev, O.V. and Chen, Y.P., Nat. Nanotechnol., 2014, 9(10): 755
Peng, H.S., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2008, 130(1): 42
Carr, J.M., Langhe, D.S., Ponting, M.T., Hiltner, A. and Baer, E., J. Mate. Res., 2012, 27(10): 1326
Pu, H.T., Chen, Y.H., Tang, Z.X. and Xu, X.M., Polym. Int., 1997, 44: 156
Wang, Z., Xie, X.M., Yang, R. and Wang, X.F., Chem. J. Chin. Univ.-Chin., 2006, 27(1): 161
Wang, H., Keum, J.K., Hiltner, A. and Baer, E., Macromolecules, 2009, 42(18): 7055
Hamley, I.W., Fairclough, J.P.A., Ryan, A.J., Bates, F.S. and Andrews, E.T., Polymer, 1996, 37(19): 4425
Chambon, F. and Srinivas, S., J. Plast. Film. Sheeting, 1999, 15(4): 297
Zhang, C.H., Zhang, Q., Chen, R.F. and Chen, F., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2011, 29(4): 497
Nowacki, R., Kolasinska, J. and Piorkowska, E., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2001, 79(13): 2439
Zhang, Y., Mukoyama, S., Hu, Y., Yan, C., Ozaki, Y. and Takahashi, I., Macromolecules, 2007, 40(11): 4009
Durell, M., Macdonald, J.E., Trolley, D., Wehrum, A., Jukes, P.C., Jones, R.A.L., Walker, C.J. and Brown, S., Europhys. Lett., 2002, 58(6): 844
Muratoglu, O.K., Argon, A.S. and Cohen, R.E., Polymer, 1995, 36(11): 2143
Sutton, S.J., Izumi, K., Miyaji, H., Miyamoto, Y. and Miyashita, S., J. Mater. Sci., 1997, 32(21): 5621
Bu, Z.Z., Yoon, Y., Ho, R.M., Zhou, W.S., Jangchud, I., Eby, R.K., Cheng, S.Z.D., Hsieh, E.T., Johnson, T.W., Geerts, R.G., Palackal, S.J., Hawley, G.R. and Welch, M.B., Macromolecules, 1996, 29(20): 6575
Schonherr, H. and Frank, C.W., Macromolecules, 2003, 36(4): 1188
Ho, R.M., Lin, F.H., Tsai, C.C., Lin, C.C., Ko, B.T., Hsiao, B.T. and Sics, I., Macromolecules, 2004, 37(16): 5985
Mareau, V.H. and Prud’homme, R.E., Macromolecules, 2005, 38(2): 398
Abe, H., Kikkawa, Y., Iwata, T., Aoki, H., Akehata, T. and Doi, Y., Polymer, 2000, 41(3): 867
Sun, X.L., Chen, Z., Wang, F., Yan, S. and Takahashi, I., Macromolecules, 2013, 46(4): 1573
Li, Q., Zhou, J.D., Chai, L.G., Memon, J., Ren, Z.J., Li, H.H., Sun, X.L. and Yan, S., Polym. Chem., 2014, 5(14): 4293
Zhou, J.D., Gan, H.Y., Ren, Z.J., Li, H.H., Zhang, J.M., Sun, X.L. and Yan, S., Polymer, 2014, 55(22): 5821
Sun, X.L., Pi, F.W., Zhang, J.M., Takahashi, I., Wang, F., Yan, S. and Ozaki, Y., J. Phys. Chem. B, 2011, 115(9): 1950
Lu, X.L. and Mi, Y.L., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2015, 33(4): 607
Hu, Z.J., Baralia, G., Bayot, V., Gohy, J.F. and Jonas, A.M., Nano Lett., 2005, 5(9): 1738
Zhu, L., Cheng, S.Z.D., Calhoun, B.H., Ge, Q., Quirk, B.R., Thomas, E.L., Hsiao, B.S., Yeh, F.J. and Lotz, B., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2000, 122(25): 5957
Li, Y.J. and Kaito, A., Macromol. Rapid Commun., 2003, 24(3): 255
Mackey, M., Flandin, L., Hiltner, A. and Baer, E., J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys., 2011, 49(24): 1750
Wang, Y., Chan, C.M., Ng, K.M. and Li, L., Macromolecules, 2008, 41(7): 2548
Fan, W.J., Fan, G.Q., Zhang, X.H. and Yang, Z.H., Chinese J. Polym. Sci., 2016, 34(1): 88
Lai, C.Y., Hiltner, A., Baer, E. and Korley, L.T.J., Acs Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2012, 4(4): 2218
Wang, H.P., Keum, J.K., Hiltner, A. and Baer, E., Macromolecules, 2010, 43(7): 3359
Bernal-Lara, T.E., Masirek, R., Hiltner, A., Baer, E., Piorkowska, E. and Galeski, A., J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2006, 99(2): 597
Bernal-Lara, T.E., Liu, R.Y.F., Hiltner, A. and Baer, E., Polymer, 2005, 46(9): 3043
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10118-016-1850-0.
This work was financially supported by Major Program for Fundamental Research of Shanghai Science & Technology Commission (No. 14JC1492700) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 0500219216).
Electronic supplementary material
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Cheng, Jf., Pu, Ht. Orientation of LDPE crystals from microscale to nanoscale via microlayer or nanolayer coextrusion. Chin J Polym Sci 34, 1411–1422 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-016-1850-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10118-016-1850-0