Abstract
This paper proposes an alternative measure of economic segregation by income that utilizes the Gini index as the basis of measurement. The Gini Index of Spatial Segregation (GSS) is a ratio of two Gini indices that compares the inequality between neighbourhoods to the inequality between individuals at the macro-level where neighbourhoods are nested. Unlike earlier measures of segregation found in the literature, the GSS uses individualized neighbourhoods, which can be defined as an area constituted within a radius or as a population count method around an individual geo-location, depending on the population density and proximity among individuals in the study area. The GSS can measure residential segregation by any continuous variable for both radii and k-nearest neighbours (knn with and without a decay factor) approaches to bespoke neighbourhoods. Therefore, it is sensitive to the spatial configuration of the area, easy to compute and interpret, and suitable for comparative studies of segregation over time and across different contexts. An empirical application of the index is illustrated using data from Sweden that covers the entire population for 1994, 2004, and 2014. We demonstrate how the definition and scale of the neighbourhood influence the measures of economic segregation. Overall, the GSS offers a flexible and robust framework for measuring segregation that can be used to inform policy decisions and research on inequality.
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Data availability
The datasets used in this study are register datasets and are subject to copyrights. As a result, they are not publicly available for sharing or distribution.
Notes
Here, we note that the second version of the software “EquiPop flow” can also integrate frictions (water body, etc.) in the road networks and can be used for defining more refined neighbourhoods.
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See Figs.
The GSS values computed for Stockholm greater metropolitan area. The first column shows radii approach, second column the knn approach and the third column the knn with a decay factor
5,
Deviation of GSS values between 1994 and 2014 in Stockholm greater metropolitan area. The first column shows radii approach, second column knn and third column knn with decay function
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Türk, U., Östh, J. Introducing a spatially explicit Gini measure for spatial segregation. J Geogr Syst 25, 469–488 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-023-00412-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-023-00412-1