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Low-level laser therapy alleviates periodontal age-related inflammation in diabetic mice via the GLUT1/mTOR pathway

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic age-related disease that was recently found as a secondary aging pattern regulated by the senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP). The purpose of this study is to detect the potential efficacy and the specific mechanisms of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) healing of age-related inflammation (known as inflammaging) in diabetic periodontitis. Diabetic periodontitis (DP) mice were established by intraperitoneal streptozotocin (STZ) injection and oral P. gingivalis inoculation. Low-level laser irradiation (810 nm, 0.1 W, 398 mW/cm2, 4 J/cm2, 10 s) was applied locally around the periodontal lesions every 3 days for 2 consecutive weeks. Micro-CT and hematoxylin–eosin (HE) stain was analyzed for periodontal soft tissue and alveolar bone. Western blots, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the protein expression changes on SASP and GLUT1/mTOR pathway. The expression of aging-related factors and SASP including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 were reduced in periodontal tissue of diabetic mice. The inhibitory effect of LLLT on GLUT1/mTOR pathway was observed by detecting the related factors mTOR, p-mTOR, GLUT1, and PKM2. COX, an intracytoplasmic photoreceptor, is a key component of the anti-inflammatory effects of LLLT. After LLLT treatment a significant increase in COX was observed in macrophages in the periodontal lesion. Our findings suggest that LLLT may regulate chronic low-grade inflammation by modulating the GLUT1/mTOR senescence-related pathway, thereby offering a potential treatment for diabetic periodontal diseases.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 81870779) and the Chengdu Science and Technology Program (2022-YF05-01760-SN).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Aimin Cui, Yuezhang Sun, Kangjian Zhu, Haonan Zou, Ziqi Yue, Yi Ding, Xiuxiu Song, Jiao Chen, Ning Ji & Qi Wang

  2. Department of Prosthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Aimin Cui, Yuezhang Sun, Kangjian Zhu, Haonan Zou, Ziqi Yue & Qi Wang

  3. Department of Periodontology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China

    Yi Ding

  4. Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Xiuxiu Song

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  1. Aimin Cui
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Contributions

A.C., K.Z., Y.D., and Qi W. designed the project. Qi W. final approval of the project. A.C., K.Z, Y.S, H.Z., and Z.Y. performed most of the experiments. N.J. helped with experiments. A.C., K.Z., Y.S., and X.S. analyzed and compiled the data. A.C. and K.Z. reviewed literature. A.C. prepared the initial draft of the manuscript, the illustrations, and the final draft of the manuscript, J.C., Y.D., and Qi W. critically revised the manuscript. Each author agreed to be responsible for all aspects of the work and granted their final approval.

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Correspondence to Qi Wang.

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The Sichuan University Ethics Committee registered and approved the study protocol (protocol number WCHSIRB-D-2020–357) and all experimental protocols in the study were conducted and operated in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments in 2013.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Cui, A., Sun, Y., Zhu, K. et al. Low-level laser therapy alleviates periodontal age-related inflammation in diabetic mice via the GLUT1/mTOR pathway. Lasers Med Sci 39, 36 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-024-03987-3

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