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Photobiomodulation enhances the Th1 immune response of human monocytes

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Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on human monocytes, assessing the oxidative burst and ultimate fungicidal potential of these cells, as well as the gene expression at the mRNA level of CD68, CD80, CD163, CD204, IL-6, TNF-α and IL-10 in derived macrophages. Primary cultures of human monocytes were irradiated with an InGaAlP (660 nm)/GaAlAs (780 nm) diode laser (parameters: 40 mW, 0.04 cm2, 1 W/cm2; doses: 200, 400 and 600 J/cm2). Cells were submitted to the chemiluminescence assay, and a microbicidal activity assay against Candida albicans was performed. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide (NO) production were measured, and cell viability was assessed by the exclusion method using 0.2% Trypan blue reagent. Irradiated monocytes were cultured for 72 h towards differentiation into macrophages. Total RNA was extracted, submitted to reverse transcription and real-time PCR. The results were analysed by ANOVA and the Tukey test (α = 0.05). Irradiated monocytes revealed a significant increase in their intracellular and extracellular ROS (P < 0.001). The 660 nm wavelength and 400 J/cm2 dose were the most relevant parameters (P < 0.001). The fungicidal capacity of the monocytes was shown to be greatly increased after PBM (P < 0.001). PBM increased the expression of TNF-α (P = 0.0302) and the production of NO (P < 0.05) and did not impair monocyte viability. PBM induces a pro-inflammatory Th1-driven response in monocytes and macrophages.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Janete M. Cerutti for some reagents provided for the molecular study.

Funding

This study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) (Master’s Scholarship).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil

    Mayara Santos de Castro & Felipe Fornias Sperandio

  2. Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil

    Marta Miyazawa & João Adolfo Costa Hanemann

  3. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil

    Ester Siqueira Caixeta Nogueira & Marisa Ionta

  4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil

    Jorge Kleber Chavasco

  5. Central Analysis Laboratory (LACEN), Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil

    Gustavo Andrade Brancaglion

  6. Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil

    Cláudio Daniel Cerdeira & Maísa Ribeiro Pereira Lima Brigagão

  7. Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, 700 Gabriel Monteiro da Silva Street, Alfenas, MG, 37130-000, Brazil

    Denismar Alves Nogueira

  8. Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Resident - Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada

    Felipe Fornias Sperandio

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  1. Mayara Santos de Castro
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Correspondence to Mayara Santos de Castro.

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The present study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University Federal of Alfenas, Brazil (Protocol # 1980248).

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Fig. S1

The process of differentiating monocytes into macrophages was followed for 72 h, observing the change in the morphological aspect of the cells. Monocytes (arrow) have a rounded morphology, whilst macrophages (star) cease to be rounded cells and become elongated, spindle shaped and often stellar. Image obtained by inverted microscopy in phase contrast (× 400). (PNG 772 kb)

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de Castro, M.S., Miyazawa, M., Nogueira, E.S.C. et al. Photobiomodulation enhances the Th1 immune response of human monocytes. Lasers Med Sci 37, 135–148 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-020-03179-9

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