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Bactericidal effect of a Nd:YAG laser on Enterococcus faecalis at pulse durations of 15 and 25 ms in dentine depths of 500 and 1,000 μm

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Abstract

The success of endodontic treatment depends on the effective elimination of microorganisms from the root canal, and lasers provide more effective disinfection than conventional treatment using rinsing solutions. The objective of this in vitro study was to determine the bactericidal effect of laser irradiation in dentine of various depths at a wavelength of 1,064 nm and pulse durations of 15 and 25 ms. A total of 90 dentine slices were cut from bovine incisors and divided into two groups (45 slices each) of thickness 500 and 1,000 μm. All were inoculated with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis (5.07×109 bacteria/ml). Based on the clinically accepted dose (approximately 300 J/cm2), the following laser settings were chosen for this study: 1.75 W, 0.7 Hz for 4 s, three repetitions. The two groups were divided into two subgroups of 15 slices each to be irradiated with pulse durations of 15 and 25 ms. The remaining 15 slices per group were not irradiated to serve as a control. After irradiation, the colony-forming units (CFU) were counted and evaluated. To determine the bactericidal effect of irradiation with different pulse durations, the results in the different groups were compared statistically. For all irradiated subgroups a bactericidal effect was observed at pulse durations of 15 and 25 ms (p=0.0085 and p<0.0001). The corresponding average log kills were 0.29 (15 ms) and 0.52 (25 ms) for 500 μm and 0.15 and 0.3 for 1,000 μm, respectively. The results of this in vitro study showed that Nd:YAG laser irradiation with a pulse duration of 15 ms eliminated an average of 49% and 29% of E. faecalis at dentine depths of 500 μm and 1,000 μm, respectively, and irradiation with a pulse duration of 25 ms eliminated 70% (500 μm) and 50% (1,000 μm). However, these values are lower than those achieved with the established protocol using microsecond pulses.

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Notes

  1. The applied clinical dose varies with canal length and the speed of fibre movement. Therefore it is safe to assume an average duration of irradiation of 8–10 s and three or four repetitions, which would result in doses between 240 and 400 J/cm2. Here we chose an average value of 300 J/cm2.

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Acknowledgments

We would like to thank Fotona d.d. of Slovenia for providing the Fidelis Plus III laser system used in this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany

    René Franzen, Norbert Gutknecht, Silke Falken & Jörg Meister

  2. Institute of Medical Statistics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Nicole Heussen

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  1. René Franzen
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  2. Norbert Gutknecht
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  3. Silke Falken
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  4. Nicole Heussen
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Correspondence to René Franzen.

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Franzen, R., Gutknecht, N., Falken, S. et al. Bactericidal effect of a Nd:YAG laser on Enterococcus faecalis at pulse durations of 15 and 25 ms in dentine depths of 500 and 1,000 μm. Lasers Med Sci 26, 95–101 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-010-0826-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10103-010-0826-5

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