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Effectual decolorization and detoxification of triphenylmethane dye malachite green (MG) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2074 and its enzyme system

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Abstract

Malachite green (MG) a complex and resonance-stabilized triphenylmethane (TPM) textile dye, resistant to transformation, was decolorized using Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2074. The bacteria decolorized MG (50 mg l−1) completely within 5 h into simple metabolic intermediates in aerobic condition at pH 7 and temperature 35 ± 3°C with 53.23% of the COD reduction. Induction in the activities of MG reductase, laccase, and aminopyrine N-demethylase were observed during MG decolorization suggesting these enzymes were involved in the decolorization process. The products after decolorization were examined by UV–Vis, IR spectroscopy, TLC, and HPLC. MG was enzymatically reduced to leucomalachite green (LMG), and further sequential enzymatic reaction converted LMG into N-demethylated and N-oxidized metabolites, including primary and secondary arylamines. The final product formed in this pathway was benzophenone characterized using GC-mass spectroscopy. The cytotoxicity and phytotoxicity study revealed the transformation of MG into non-toxic product by P. aeruginosa NCIM 2074.

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Acknowledgment

This study was supported by the 2011 KU Brain Pool program of Konkuk University. This study was supported by a grant (PJ007449201006) from Biogreen 21 Program, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 143-701, Korea

    D. C. Kalyani & J.-K. Lee

  2. Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India

    D. C. Kalyani, S. B. Jadhav & J. P. Jadhav

  3. Division of Applied Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, 900 Gajwa-dong, Jinju, Gyeongnam, 660-701, Republic of Korea

    A. A. Telke

  4. Department of Microbiology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India

    S. N. Surwase

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  1. D. C. Kalyani
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  2. A. A. Telke
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  3. S. N. Surwase
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  4. S. B. Jadhav
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  5. J.-K. Lee
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  6. J. P. Jadhav
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Correspondence to J.-K. Lee or J. P. Jadhav.

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Kalyani, D.C., Telke, A.A., Surwase, S.N. et al. Effectual decolorization and detoxification of triphenylmethane dye malachite green (MG) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCIM 2074 and its enzyme system. Clean Techn Environ Policy 14, 989–1001 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-012-0473-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-012-0473-6

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