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Plasmonic gold chips for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, and rubella infections using saliva with serum detection precision

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Abstract

Sampling the blood compartment by an invasive procedure such as phlebotomy is the most common approach used for diagnostic purposes. However, phlebotomy has several drawbacks including pain, vasovagal reactions, and anxiety. Therefore, alternative approaches should be tested to minimize patient’s discomfort. Saliva is a reasonable compartment; when obtained, it generates little or no anxiety. We setup a multiplexed serology assay for detection of Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM, rubella IgG, and CMV IgG, in serum, whole blood, and saliva using novel plasmonic gold (pGOLD) chips. pGOLD test results in serum, whole blood, and saliva were compared with commercial kits test results in serum. One hundred twenty serum/saliva sets (Lyon) and 28 serum/whole blood/saliva sets (Nice) from France were tested. In serum and whole blood, sensitivity and specificity of multiplex T. gondii, CMV, and rubella IgG were 100% in pGOLD when compared to commercial test results in serum. In saliva, sensitivity and specificity for T. gondii and rubella IgG were 100%, and for CMV IgG, sensitivity and specificity were 92.9% and 100%, respectively, when compared to commercial test results in serum. We were also able to detect T. gondii IgM in saliva with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 95.4%, respectively, when compared to serum test results. Serological testing by multiplex pGOLD assay for T. gondii, rubella, and CMV in saliva is reliable and likely to be more acceptable for systematic screening of pregnant women, newborn, and immunocompromised patients.

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Funding

Christelle Pomares received a grant from the “Philippe Foundation Inc.,” the “Association des amis de la Faculté de Médecine de Nice,” and from REDPIT (Recherche Et Developpement En Pathologie Infectieuse Et Tropicale) association. These associations allowed a personal financial support during the post-doctoral period in the USA.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, William Keck Science Building rm 125, Stanford, CA, 94305-5080, USA

    Xiaoyang Li & Hongjie Dai

  2. Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, INSERM, U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine, Virulence microbienne et signalisation inflammatoire – Université de la Côte d’Azur, CS 23079, Nice, cedex 3, France

    Christelle Pomares

  3. Institut de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale, Hôpital de la Croix Rousse, Lyon, France

    François Peyron, Pauline Levigne & Martine Wallon

  4. Palo Alto Medical Foundation Toxoplasma Serology Laboratory, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Cynthia J. Press, Raymund Ramirez & Jose G. Montoya

  5. Service de Virologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice, Nice, France

    Gonfrier Geraldine & Isabelle Cannavo

  6. Emerging Pathogens Laboratory - Fondation Mérieux, Centre, International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI) Inserm U1111, CNRS UMR5308, ENS de Lyon, UCBL1, Lyon, France

    Emmanuelle Chapey

  7. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Dr, MC 5107, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA

    Jose G. Montoya

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  1. Xiaoyang Li
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  2. Christelle Pomares
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  9. Pauline Levigne
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Christelle Pomares, Jose G. Montoya or Hongjie Dai.

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This study was approved by the local ethical committees for the prospective collection of samples (Comité de protection des personnes (CPP) Teaching hospitals of Lyon and Nice, France).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Li, X., Pomares, C., Peyron, F. et al. Plasmonic gold chips for the diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii, CMV, and rubella infections using saliva with serum detection precision. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 38, 883–890 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03487-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-019-03487-1

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