Abstract
Tracer data can serve to derive parameters related to groundwater systems or can be used in the calibration of transport and flow models. Temperature, 3H/3He (age dating) and hydrochemical data, together with head measurements, borehole logs and an aquifer test, were used to obtain insight into the flow and transport of a Quaternary aquifer system located in the Belgian polder area. Flow and transport model code SEAWAT acted as the integration medium for the different data. Each type of data has its own interpretation technique and adds components to the model. Additionally, different types of data aid in verification of the results. For instance, fluxes from temperature logs (used with the SEAWAT model), and water quality and age dating all provide information on flow to and velocities in the vicinity of drainage ditches. Different data also provide information on different scales. Temperature logs and aquifer tests act on a small scale, groundwater age is influenced by larger-scale flow, and water quality is determined by the general flow of the area. Integration of different kinds of geological, hydrological, geophysical and geochemical data is shown to be an important way forward in the efforts to model real-world cases.
Résumé
Les données de traçage peuvent servir à relier les paramètres de systèmes aquifères ou être utilisées pour calibrer des modèles de flux et de déplacement d’eau. Température, 3H/3He (datation) et données hydrochimiques, mesures simultanées de hauteur de charge, logs de forage et un essai de nappe ont été utilisés pour obtenir un aperçu sur le flux et l’écoulement de nappe d’un système aquifère quaternaire localisé dans la région des polders belges. Le modèle de flux et d’écoulement code SEAWAT a joué le rôle d’intégrateur des différentes données. Chaque type de donnée a ses propres techniques d’interprétation et ajoute des paramètres au modèle. De plus, différents types de données contribuent à la vérification des résultats. Par exemple, les flux tirés des logs de température (utilisés avec le modèle SEAWAT), la qualité de l’eau et sa datation fournissent chacun des informations sur le flux et les vitesses au voisinage des fossés de drainage. Les différentes données fournissent aussi une information à différentes échelles. Les logs de température et essais de nappe marquent sur une petite échelle, l’âge de la nappe dépend du flux à plus grande échelle, et la qualité de l’eau est déterminée par le flux global dans la zone. On montre que l’intégration de différentes données géologiques, géophysiques et géochimiques est une avancée importante dans l’effort de modélisation de cas réels.
Resumen
Los datos de trazadores pueden servir para deducir los parámetros relacionados a los sistemas de agua subterránea o pueden ser usados en la calibración de los modelos de flujo y transporte. Se utilizaron los datos de temperatura, 3H/3He (datación de edad) e hidroquímica, conjuntamente con las mediciones de carga, registros de perforaciones y un ensayo de acuífero, para comprender el flujo y transporte de un sistema acuífero Cuaternario localizado en el área del polder en Bélgica. El código del modelo de flujo y transporte SEAWAT actuó como un medio de integración para los diferentes datos. Cada tipo de datos tiene su propia técnica de interpretación y suma componentes al modelo. Adicionalmente distintos tipos de datos ayudan en la verificación de los resultados. Por ejemplo, los flujos de registros de temperatura (usados con el modelo SEAWAT), y la calidad y datación de la edad del agua proporcionan información sobre el sentido de flujo y las velocidades en la vecindad de las zanjas de drenaje. Los diferentes datos también proporcionan información sobre distintas escalas. Los registros de temperaturas y los ensayos de acuíferos actúan sobre una pequeña escala, la edad del agua subterránea está influenciada por flujos a gran escala, y la calidad del agua está determinada por el flujo general del área. La integración de diferentes clases de datos geológicos, hidrológicos, geofísicos y geoquímicos demuestra un importante camino en los esfuerzos para modelar los casos de la realidad.
摘要
通过示踪数据可获取地下水系统的相关参数,可校正运移流动模型。综合利用温度、氚氦法(定年方法)、水化学数据、水头测量、测井记录以及含水层试验等数据可获取比利时圩田地区某第四纪含水层中地下水流动运移模型的相关信息。本次研究中利用的是流动运移软件SEAWAT,它是用于不同数据整合的平台。首先利用不同的解译方法对各种类型的数据解译,而后为模型提供相应的模块。此外,不同类型数据均可对结果进行验证。例如,测温曲线(和SEAWAT模型联用)得出的流量、水质和年龄数据都提供排泄渠附近水流的流速信息。不同的数据能提供不同尺度上的信息。测温曲线和含水层试验一般是小尺度上的,而地下水年龄一般受大尺度水流所影响,水质则由区域地下水流场确定。不同类型的地质、水文地质、地球物理以及地球化学数据的综合利用对实际条件的模拟有一定成效。
Resumo
Dados de traçadores podem servir para derivar parâmetros relacionados com sistemas de águas subterrâneas ou podem ser usados para a calibração de modelos de transporte e de fluxo. Dados de temperatura, 3H/3He (datação) e hidroquímicos, em conjunto com medições de níveis piezométricos, perfis de sondagem e ensaios de caudal, foram usados para obter uma visão do fluxo e transporte num sistema aquífero quaternário localizado numa área de polder [porção de terrenos baixos e planos que constituem uma entidade hidrológica artificial, incluída entre aterros (diques), utilizados para a agricultura ou habitação], na Bélgica. O código de modelo de fluxo e transporte SEAWAT age como o meio integrador para os diferentes dados. Cada tipo de dados tem a sua própria interpretação técnica e adiciona componentes ao modelo. Adicionalmente, diferentes tipos de dados ajudam na verificação dos resultados. Por exemplo, fluxos a partir de perfis de temperatura (usados com o modelo SEAWAT) e dados de qualidade e datação providenciam informação sobre o fluxo para e nas imediações das valas de drenagem. Dados distintos providenciam informações a diferentes escalas. Perfis de temperatura e ensaios de caudal actuam a pequena escala, datações de água subterrânea são influenciadas por fluxo de grande escala e a qualidade da água é determinada pelo fluxo geral da área. Mostra-se que a integração de diferentes tipos de dados geológicos, hidrológicos, geofísicos e geoquímicos é uma via importante em direcção aos esforços para modelar casos reais.
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Acknowledgements
AVDB is supported by the Fund for Scientific Research–Flanders (Belgium) where he is currently a postdoctoral fellow. The authors acknowledge the Flemish Environment Agency and the Flemish Land Use Agency for allowing the use of their data. Part of the research was done in the framework of the CLIWAT project partly financed by the InterReg IVB North Sea Region, the European Regional Development Fund. We acknowledge Werner Aeschbach-Hertig for helping to evaluate the effect of degassing on groundwater age estimates by the 3H/3He method. Ward Sanford and two anonymous reviewers are acknowledged for their valuable comments. Finally, we would like to thank all the land owners—without their enthusiastic cooperation, the fieldwork would not have been possible.
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Vandenbohede, A., Hinsby, K., Courtens, C. et al. Flow and transport model of a polder area in the Belgian coastal plain: example of data integration. Hydrogeol J 19, 1599–1615 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0781-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-011-0781-7