Abstract
The groundwater flow system and the flow velocity in the alluvial fan plain of the Hutuo River, China, have been studied, with an emphasis on relating geochemical characteristics and isotopes factors. Seven stretches of one river, six springs and 31 wells, with depths ranging from 0 m (river waters) to 150 m, were surveyed. The groundwater has a vertical two-layer structure with a boundary at about 80–100 m depth, yielding an upper and a lower groundwater layer. The δ18O and δD values range from −10.56 to −7.05‰ and −81.83 to −59‰, respectively. The groundwater has been recharged by precipitation, and has not been subjected to significant evaporation during infiltration into the aquifer in the upper layer. Using a tritium model, the groundwater flow in the alluvial fan plain showed horizontal flow velocity to be greater than vertical velocity. Groundwater in the upper layer is characterized by Ca–HCO3 type. From the spatial distribution characteristics of the stable isotope and chemical composition of the groundwater, agricultural irrigation was considered to have an influence on the aquifer by causing excessive groundwater abstraction and irrigation return.
Résumé
Le système d’écoulement de l’eau souterraine et la vitesse d’écoulement dans le plaine du cône alluvial de la Rivière Hutuo, Chine, ont été étudiés en mettant l’accent sur les caractéristiques géochimiques et les facteurs isotopiques correspondants. Sept tronçons d’une rivière, six sources et 31 puits, ayant des profondeurs allant de 0 m (eau de la rivière) à 150 m, ont été examinés. L’eau souterraine a une structure verticale à deux couches avec une limite à environ 80–100 m de profondeur, formant une couche supérieur d’eau souterraine et une inférieure. Les valeurs de ∂ 18 O et de ∂ D vont de −10.56 à −7.05‰ et de −81.83 à −59‰, respectivement. L’eau souterraine a été réalimentée par les précipitations, et n’a pas été sujette à une évaporation significative au cours de l’infiltration dans l’aquifère de la couche supérieure. En utilisant modèle tritium, l’écoulement de l’eau souterraine dans la plaine du cône alluvial a montré une vitesse d’écoulement horizontal supérieure à la vitesse verticale. L’eau souterraine de la couche supérieure est caractérisée par un type Ca–HCO3. Du fait des caractéristiques de la distribution spatiale en isotope stable et de la composition chimique de l’eau souterraine, l’irrigation agricole a été jugée avoir une influence sur l’aquifère en occasionnant des prélèvements d’eau souterraine et une restitution provenant de l’agriculture excessifs.
Resumen
Se ha estudiado el sistema de flujo subterráneo y la velocidad de flujo en el cono aluvial del Río Hutuo, China, enfatizando las características geoquímicas y su relación con el contenido isotópico. Se relevaron siete tramos del río, seis manantiales y 31 pozos, con profundidades que varían desde 0 m (agua del río) hasta 150 m. El complejo subterráneo comprende dos capas con un límite a una profundidad aproximada de 80–100 m, constituyendo una capa subterráneas superior y una inferior. Los valores de δ18O yδD varían entre −10.56 a −7.05‰ y −81.83 a −59‰, respectivamente. El agua subterránea se recargó por lluvias, y no ha estado sujeta a evaporación durante su infiltración en la capa superior del acuífero. El modelo de flujo subterráneo, utilizando datos de tritio, mostró que la velocidad del flujo horizontal es mayor que la vertical. El agua subterránea de la capa superior es del tipo Ca–HCO3. Teniendo en cuenta la distribución espacial de los isótopos estables y la composición química del agua subterránea, se considera que el riego para agricultura ha tenido influencia en el acuífero debido al bombeo excesivo de agua y los retornos por riego.
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Lu, Y., Tang, C., Chen, J. et al. Spatial characteristics of water quality, stable isotopes and tritium associated with groundwater flow in the Hutuo River alluvial fan plain of the North China Plain. Hydrogeol J 16, 1003–1015 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0292-3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-008-0292-3