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Ectomycorrhizal Stands Accelerate Decomposition to a Greater Extent than Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Stands in a Northern Deciduous Forest

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Abstract

It has been proposed that ectomycorrhizal (EcM) fungi slow down decomposition by competing with free-living saprotrophs for organic nutrients and other soil resources (known as the “Gadgil effect”), thereby increasing soil carbon sequestration. As such, this Gadgil effect should depend on soil organic matter age and quality, but this remains unstudied. In addition, the Gadgil effect is not expected to occur in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) forests since AM fungi cannot access directly nutrients from soil organic matter, yet few direct comparisons between EcM and AM forests have been made. We performed a two-year reciprocal decomposition experiment of soil organic horizons (litter—L, fragmented—F, humic—H) in adjacent temperate deciduous forests dominated by EcM or AM trees. Mesh bags were made of different mesh sizes allowing or excluding ingrowth of external fungal hyphae, which are primarily mycorrhizal in these forests other than for the most recent superficial litter horizon. As expected, EcM stands stored more soil carbon (up to 20 cm depth) than AM stands. Also, organic matter originating from deeper horizons and from EcM stands was of lower quality (for example, higher lignin to nitrogen ratios) and decomposed more slowly. However, contrary to the Gadgil effect, organic matter exposed to external fungal hyphae (that is, primarily mycorrhizal) actually decomposed faster in both forest types, and this effect was strongest in EcM forests, particularly in the F horizon. Unexpectedly, organic matter decomposition was faster in EcM than in AM forests, regardless of organic matter origin. Overall, our study reinforces the view that temperate EcM forests store greater amounts of soil organic carbon than AM forests, but suggests that this is due to factors other than the Gadgil effect.

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Data Availability

Data are deposited in Zenodo: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3743507

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the staff from the Station de biologie des Laurentides (SBL) of Université de Montréal for facilitating the field work. Funding, including scholarships to AC, was provided by Discovery Grants to EL (RGPIN-2014-06106, RGPIN-2019-04537) by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) as well as a “Nouveau Chercheur” grant (2016-NC-188823) by the Fonds de recherche du Québec sur la Nature et technologies (FRQNT). AC would like to sincerely thank the following institutions for providing generous scholarships: FRQNT (Dossier 272522), Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Centre de la science de la biodiversité du Québec, Centre d'étude de la forêt and Université de Montréal through the "Bourse d'excellence Hydro-Québec."

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada

    Alexis Carteron, Fabien Cichonski & Etienne Laliberté

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  1. Alexis Carteron
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  2. Fabien Cichonski
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  3. Etienne Laliberté
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Correspondence to Alexis Carteron.

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Author contributions: EL and AC conceived the ideas and designed methodology; AC and FC collected and analyzed the data; AC and EL interpreted the results; AC led the writing of the manuscript. All authors contributed critically to the drafts and gave final approval for publication.

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Carteron, A., Cichonski, F. & Laliberté, E. Ectomycorrhizal Stands Accelerate Decomposition to a Greater Extent than Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Stands in a Northern Deciduous Forest. Ecosystems 25, 1234–1248 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00712-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-021-00712-x

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