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Multi-scale modeling on human intravascular cooling to induce brain hypothermia via circle of Willis

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Abstract

Therapeutic hypothermia has been the most effective therapy to treat serious cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Among them, intravascular cooling is identified as a most efficient approach to induce brain hypothermia. However until now, some key parameters and temperature management method for intravascular cooling are still not well addressed because of the complexity of human thermoregulation mechanism. Aiming at predicting temperature variation of tissues and organs in a more accurate way during therapeutic hypothermia, this study is dedicated to integrate the blood flow model in the circle of Willis together with the compartmental model for characterizing the heat and blood transport throughout the whole human body. According to the theoretical evaluation, the new model could well simulate the temperature response of the whole human body especially the brain under various cooling. Effects of different intervention site and cooling power to the hypothermia performance are discussed, which shows that carotid artery intervention is a more suitable therapeutic hypothermia method in comparison with femoral artery or femoral vein intervention. These results could help design controlling software for intravascular therapeutic hypothermia device in the near future.

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Abbreviations

c :

Heat capacity (kJ/kg K)

D :

Vessel diameter (m)

h :

Convection coefficient (W/m2 K)

Q :

Flow (m3/s)

k :

Thermal conductivity (W/m K)

L :

Vessel length (m)

P :

Pressure (Pa)

\(\dot{Q} _{\mathit{cond}}\) :

Conductive heat transfer rate (W)

\(\dot{Q} _{\mathit{evap}}\) :

Heat loss by evaporation (W)

\(\dot{Q}_{\mathit{in}}\) :

Cooling power (W)

\(\dot{Q}_{\mathit{rad}}\) :

Radiative heat transfer rate (W)

\(\dot{Q}_{\mathit{resp}}\) :

Heat loss by respiration (W)

\(\dot{Q}_{\mathit{met}}\) :

Metabolic heat production (W)

R e :

Effective conduction resistance (m K/W)

V :

Volume (m3)

ε :

Surface emissivity

μ :

Dynamic viscosity of blood (kg/m K)

ρ :

Density (kg/m3)

σ :

Stefan-Boltzmann constant (W/m2 K4)

ω b :

Basic perfusion rate (ml/min 100 g)

ACA:

Anterior cerebral artery

ACoA:

Anterior communicating artery

BA:

Basilar artery

ICA:

Carotid artery

MAP:

Mean arterial pressure

MCA:

Middle cerebral artery

PCA:

Posterior cerebral artery

PCoA:

Posterior communicating artery

B:

Blood

L:

Left

R:

Right

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Lab of Cryogenics, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P.R. China

    Xu Xue & Jing Liu

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  1. Xu Xue
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  2. Jing Liu
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Correspondence to Jing Liu.

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Xue, X., Liu, J. Multi-scale modeling on human intravascular cooling to induce brain hypothermia via circle of Willis. Forsch Ingenieurwes 75, 257–269 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10010-011-0148-1

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