Abstract
The development of user interfaces (UI) needs validation and verification of a set of required properties. Different kinds of properties are relevant to the human computer interaction (HCI) area. Not all of them may be checked using classical software engineering validation and verification tools. Indeed, a large part of properties is related to the user and to usability. Moreover, this kind of properties usually requires an experimental validation. This paper addresses the cooperation between formal and experimental HCI properties validation and verification. It focuses on a proof based technique (event B) and a Model Based System (MBS) based technique (SUIDT). Moreover, this paper tries to bridge the gap between both approaches in order to reduce the heterogeneity they lead to.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abowd, G.D., Wang, H-M., Monk, A.F. A formal technique for automated dialogue development. In: Olsan, G.M., Schuon, S. (eds.) Proceedings of DIS’95, pp. 219–226 (1995)
Abrial, J-R. Extending b without changing it (for developing distributed systems). In: Habrias, H. (ed.) First B Conference, Putting Into Pratice Methods and Tools for Information System Design, p. 21, Nantes, France, (1996)
Abrial J.R. (1996) The B Book. Assigning Programs to Meanings. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Ait-Ameur, Y., Delmas, R., Wiels, V. A framework for the heterogeneous formal modelling and compositional verification of avionics systems. Second ACM-IEEE International Conference on Formal Methods and Models for Codesign (MEMOCode’04), pp. 223–232 (2004)
Aït-Ameur, Y., Baron, M., Girard, P. Formal validation of hci user tasks. In: Al-Ani, B., Arabnia, H.R, Mum Y. (eds.) The 2003 International Conference on Software Engineering Research and Practice – SERP 2003, vol. 2, pp. 732–738. CSREA Press, Las Vegas (2003)
Aït-Ameur, Y., Baron, M., Nadjet, K. Encoding a process algebra using the event b method. application to the validation of user interfaces. In: Department of Computer Science University of Loyola College, editor, ISOLA 2005 – 2nd IEEE International Symposium on Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Columbia, Maryland (2005)
Aït-Ameur, Y., Bréholée, B., Girard, P., Guittet, L., Jambon, F. Formal verification and validation of interactive systems specifications. from informal specitications to formal validation. In: Conference of Human Error, Safety and Systems Development, HESSD, vol. 8, Toulouse (2004)
Aït-Ameur Y., Girard P., Jambon F. (1998). Using the b formal approach for incremental specification design of interactive systems. In: Chatty S., Dewan P. (eds). Engineering for Human–Computer Interaction, vol. 22, Kluwer, Dordrecht, pp. 91–108
Balzert H., Hofmann F., Kruschinski V., Niemann C. (1996). The janus application development environment-generating more than the user interface. In: Vanderdonckt J. (eds). Computer-Aided Design of User iterface (CADUI’96). Presse Universitaire de Namur, Namur, pp. 183–206
Baron, M. Vers une approche sûre du développement des Interfaces Homme-Machine (Thesis). Thèse de doctorat, Université de Poitiers (2003)
Bass, L., Hardy, E., Hoyt, K., Little, R., Seacord, R.: The arch model: Seeheim revisited, the serpent run time architecture and dialog model. Technical Report CMU/SEI-88-TR-6, Carnegie Melon University (1988)
Bass, l., Pellegrino, R., Reed, S., Sheppard, S., Szezur, M. The arch model: Seeheim revisited. In: User Interface Developper’s Workshop (1991)
Bjorner, D. VDM a Formal Method at Work. In: Springer-Verlag. LNCS, editor. Proc. of VDM Europe Symposium’87 (1987)
Brun P. (1997). XTL: a Temporal logic for the formal development of interactive systems. In: Palanque P., Paterno F. (eds). Formal Methods for Human–Computer Interaction. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp. 121–139
Bumbulis P., Alencar P.S.C., Cowan D.D., Lucena C.J.P. Validating Properties of Component-Based Graphical User Interfaces. In: Eurographics Workshop on Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive Systems (DSV-IS’96), pp. 347–365. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1996)
Campos, J.C., Harrison, M.D. Formally Verifying Interactive Systems: A Review. In: Eurographics Workshop on Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive Systems (DSV-IS’97), pp. 109–124. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1997)
Cansell, D. Assistance au développement incrémental et à sa preuve. Habilitation à diriger les recherches, Université Henri Poincaré (2003)
ClearSy. Atelier b – version 3.5, (1997)
Coutaz, J. Pac, an implementation model for the user interface. In: IFIP TC13 Human–Computer Interaction (INTERACT’87), pp. 431–436, North-Holland, Stuttgart (1987)
D’Ausbourg, B. Using Model Checking for the Automatic Validation of User Interface Systems. In: Eurographics Workshop on Design, Specification, and Verification of Interactive Systems (DSV-IS’98), pp. 242–260. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1998)
Dijkstra E.W. (1976) A Discipline of Programming. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Dix A., Finlay J., Abowd G., Beale R. (1993) Human–Computer Interaction. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs
Duke, D., Harrison, M.D. Abstract Interaction Objects. In: Proceedings of Eurographics conference and computer graphics forum, vol. 12, pp. 25–36 (1993)
Duke D., Harrison M.D. (1995) Event model of human-system interaction. IEEE Softw. 1(10): 3–10
Duke, D.J., Harrison, M.D. Towards a Theory of Interactors. Technical report, Amodeus Esprit Basic Research Project 7040, System Modelling/WP6 (1993)
Goguen, J.A., Burstall, R.M. Institutions: abstract model theory for specification and programming. J. ACM 1(39), (1992)
Gray, P., England, D., McGowan, S. Xuan: Enhancing the uan to capture temporal relation among actions. Department research report IS-94-02, Department of Computing Science, University of Glasgow, February 1994. Modifications par rapport à UAN: – Aspect symétrique USER/SYSTEM – Contraintes temporelles - Paramètrisation des tches – Pré et Post-conditions.
Guittet, L. Contribution l’Ingénierie des Interfaces Homme-Machine – Théorie des Interacteurs et Architecture H4 dans le système NODAOO. Doctorat d’université (Phd Thesis), Université de Poitiers (1995)
Harrison M.D., Thimbleby, H.W. (eds.) Formal Methods in Human-Computer Interaction. Human–Computer Interaction. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Hix D., Hartson H.R. (1993) Developping user interfaces: Ensuring Usability through Product & Process. Wiley professional computing. Wiley, Newyork
Hoare C.A.R. (1969) An axiomatic basis for computer programming. CACM 12(10): 576–583
Hussey, A., Carrington, D. Specifying a Web Browser Interface Using Object-Z. In: Formal Methods for Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 157–174. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1997)
Jambon, F., Girard, P., Aït-Ameur, Y. Interactive system safety and usability enforced with the development process. In: Little, R.M., Nigay, L. (eds.) Engineering for Human–Computer Interaction (8th IFIP International Conference, EHCI’01, Toronto, Canada, May 2001), volume 2254 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 39–55. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (2001)
Lano K. (1996) The B Language Method: A Guide to Practical Formal Development. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Navarre D. Contribution à l’ingénierie en Interaction Homme-Machine. Doctorat d’université (Phd Thesis), Université Toulouse, Vol. 3 (2001)
Palanque, P., Bastide, R., Sengès, V. Validating Interactive System Design Through the Verification of Formal Task and System Models. In: IFIP TC2/WG2.7 Engineering for Human–Computer Interaction, pp. 189–212 (1995)
Paternò, F., Mori, G., Galimberti, R. Ctte: An environment for analysis and development of task models of cooperative applications. In: ACM CHI 2001, vol. 2, Seattle. ACM/SIGCHI (2001)
Paternò F. (2001) Model-Based Design and Evaluation of Interactive Applications. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Paterno, F., Faconti, G. On the LOTOS Use to Describe Graphical Interaction. In: Proceedings of HCI, People and Computer, pp. 155–173. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1992)
Paterno, F., Santoro, C. Integrating Model Checking and HCI Tools to Help Designers Verifying User Interface Properties. In: Workshop on Design, Specification, Verification of Interactive Systems, DSV-IS. LNCS. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (2000)
Pfaff, G.E. (ed.) User Interface Management Systems, Proceedings of the Workshop on User Interface Management Systems held in Seeheim. Eurographic Seminars. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (1985)
Puerta, A., Eisenstein, J. Interactively mapping task model to interfaces in mobi-d. In: Markopoulos, P., Johnson, P. (eds.) Eurographics Workshop on Design, Specification and Validation of Interactive Systems (DSV-IS’98), volume Proceedings, pp. 261–274, Abingdon (1998)
Puerta A. (1996). The mecano project: comprehensive and integrated support for model-based interface development. In: Vanderdonckt J. (eds). Computer-Aided Design of User interface (CADUI’96). Presse Universitaire de Namur, Namur, pp. 19–35
Roche, P. Modélisation et validation d’interface homme-machine. Doctorat d’université (Phd Thesis), École Nationale Supérieure de l’Aéronautique et de l’Espace (1998)
Scapin, D.L., Pierret-Golbreich, C. Mad : Une méthode analytique de description des tâches. In: Colloque sur l’Ingénierie des Interfaces Homme-Machine (IHM’89), pp. 131–148. Sophia-Antipolis, France (1989)
Sernadas A., Sernadas C., Caleiro C. (1997) Synchronization of logics. Studia Logica 59(2): 217–247
Spivey J.M. (1988) The Z notation: A Reference Manual. Prentice–Hall Int., Englewood Cliffs
Szekely, P. Retrospective and challenge for Model Based Interface Development, pp. 1–27. SpringerComputerScience. Springer, Namur (1996)
Szekely, P., Sukaviriya, P., Castells, P., Muthukumarasamy, J., Salcher, E. Declarative interface models for user interface construction tools: the mastermind approach. In: Bass, L.J., Unger, C. (eds.) IFIP TC2-WG2.7 Working Conference on Engineering for Human–Computer Interaction (EHCI’95), pp. 120–150. Grand Targhee Resort (Yellowstone Park), Chapman and Hall, London (1995)
Vanderdonckt, J. Guide ergonomique des interfaces homme-machine, vol. 1. Presses Universitaires de Namur (1994)
Wiecha C., Bennet W., Boies S., Gould J., Greene S. (1990) Its: a tool for rapidly developing interactive applications. ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. 8(3): 204–236
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ait-Ameur, Y., Baron, M. Formal and experimental validation approaches in HCI systems design based on a shared event B model. Int J Softw Tools Technol Transfer 8, 547–563 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-006-0008-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-006-0008-8